{
  "apiVersion": 1,
  "source": "https://www.ventureatlas.org",
  "license": "Data is curated by Venture Atlas; every field carries its own source URL.",
  "endpoint": "/api/robotaxis",
  "lastDataUpdate": "2026-09-09",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
  "methodology": {
    "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
    "paragraphs": [
      "This tracker compares passenger robotaxi operations, not autonomous trucking or last-mile delivery. The three series are cumulative distance, vehicles in (or registered for) service, and coverage. Distance is the metric that matters most and the one operators report least consistently.",
      "The distance chart defaults to paid robotaxi kilometers: empty-seated or commercial paid service. Waymo's fully autonomous public-road miles, Apollo Go's fully driverless subset, Tesla's paid Robotaxi miles, and Zoox's public-road miles sit here. Supervised testing (Avride with a safety operator in the seat) is not on that chart, because it is not the same object as a Waymo paid mile.",
      "All autonomy is the broader toggle. It adds mixed test-and-operations kilometers (Pony.ai including robotruck, WeRide including robobus, Apollo Go's headline pile, Cruise's historical testing) and Tesla Full Self-Driving (Supervised) miles on customer cars. FSD is supervised ADAS, not a robotaxi, and it is here so a safety-driver mile is not compared to Waymo while Tesla's customer fleet is left off. Super Cruise and trucking miles stay off both series.",
      "Coverage is the service geofence when an operator publishes one, and public paid city count when it does not. WeRide's 60-plus city figure includes testing and permits; the comparable number is paid public robotaxi cities. Fleet counts prefer vehicles in commercial service over produced, registered, or total L4 (which can include robobuses).",
      "Points marked estimate are sourced third-party counts or run-rate extensions of a disclosed weekly rate, never invented. Empty cells mean the operator has not published a comparable figure, not that the value is zero."
    ]
  },
  "count": 12,
  "operators": [
    {
      "slug": "waymo",
      "name": "Waymo",
      "service": "Waymo One",
      "parent": "Alphabet",
      "country": "US",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://waymo.com",
      "notes": "US volume benchmark. Paid public driverless service in 14 metros as of September 1, 2026. Weekly paid rides have held near 500,000 since late March 2026. Distance series is fully autonomous public-road miles, the figure Waymo uses in safety reports.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "waymo",
        "name": "Waymo",
        "url": "/company/waymo"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 4000,
        "date": "2026-09-01",
        "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-01/waymo-expands-paid-robotaxi-rides-to-denver-san-diego-and-tampa",
        "note": "Waymo reported the fleet past 4,000 as Denver, San Diego, and Tampa opened to paid riders",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 3625.9832,
        "date": "2026-05-13",
        "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/05/13/waymo-expands-coverage-1400-square-miles-11-cities/",
        "note": "Waymo: more than 1,400 sq mi across 11 cities. Later city launches have no newer aggregate.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 14,
        "date": "2026-09-01",
        "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-01/waymo-expands-paid-robotaxi-rides-to-denver-san-diego-and-tampa",
        "note": "Denver, San Diego, and Tampa opened to paid public riders. Las Vegas remains employee-first.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": {
        "value": 495677952.00000006,
        "date": "2026-09-01",
        "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
        "note": "Run-rate extension: 220 million miles through March 2026 plus Waymo's disclosed ~4 million miles per week for 22 weeks. Not a new company cumulative.",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "driverless-public",
        "label": "Fully autonomous public-road km"
      },
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 495677952.00000006,
        "date": "2026-09-01",
        "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
        "note": "Run-rate extension: 220 million miles through March 2026 plus Waymo's disclosed ~4 million miles per week for 22 weeks. Not a new company cumulative.",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "driverless-public",
        "label": "Fully autonomous public-road km"
      },
      "weeklyRides": {
        "value": 500000,
        "date": "2026-07-22",
        "source": "https://abc.xyz/assets/cc/30/84d9d7c14e298e7b5cdb6bb22361/2026q2-alphabet-earnings-release.pdf",
        "note": "Unchanged across public disclosures since late March 2026, including Alphabet Q2 2026.",
        "confidence": "disclosed"
      },
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2024-06-10",
            "value": 672,
            "source": "https://fuelarc.com/news-and-features/waymo-fleet-more-than-triples-in-size-year-over-year/",
            "note": "NHTSA recall 24E049000 whole-fleet proxy",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-03-01",
            "value": 1500,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "About 1,500 in March 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-05-12",
            "value": 1212,
            "source": "https://fuelarc.com/news-and-features/waymo-fleet-more-than-triples-in-size-year-over-year/",
            "note": "NHTSA recall 25E034000; 5th-gen ADS scope, partial-fleet proxy",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-11-01",
            "value": 2500,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "Fleet expanded to over 2,500 through 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-10",
            "value": 3067,
            "source": "https://fuelarc.com/news-and-features/waymo-fleet-more-than-triples-in-size-year-over-year/",
            "note": "NHTSA recall 25E084000; 5th-gen scope, partial-fleet proxy",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-06",
            "value": 3791,
            "source": "https://fuelarc.com/news-and-features/waymo-fleet-more-than-triples-in-size-year-over-year/",
            "note": "NHTSA recall 26E026000 covering 5th and 6th gen; strong whole-fleet proxy",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-09-01",
            "value": 4000,
            "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-01/waymo-expands-paid-robotaxi-rides-to-denver-san-diego-and-tampa",
            "note": "Waymo reported the fleet past 4,000 as Denver, San Diego, and Tampa opened to paid riders",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2023-12-31",
            "value": 466.19784,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/about/",
            "note": "Metro Phoenix connected footprint, ~180 sq mi",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 2538.18824,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "Sum of disclosed city geofences at year-end 2025: Phoenix 315, Bay Area 260, LA 250, Austin 90, Atlanta 65 sq mi. Miami and later 2025 cities had no published area.",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-01",
            "value": 2848.9868,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/05/13/waymo-expands-coverage-1400-square-miles-11-cities/",
            "note": "Electrek reconstruction of city-by-city areas immediately before the May expansion, ~1,100 sq mi",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-13",
            "value": 3625.9832,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/05/13/waymo-expands-coverage-1400-square-miles-11-cities/",
            "note": "Waymo: more than 1,400 sq mi across 11 cities. Later city launches have no newer aggregate.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2020-10-08",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/about/",
            "note": "Phoenix commercial launch",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2024-06-25",
            "value": 2,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/about/",
            "note": "San Francisco Bay Area open to the public",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2024-11-12",
            "value": 3,
            "source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waymo",
            "note": "Los Angeles commercial",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 4,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymos-robotaxi-program-progress-and-potential/",
            "note": "Austin added in 2024",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 10,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "Ten announced cities at year-end 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-07",
            "value": 11,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/",
            "note": "Nashville public launch",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-09-01",
            "value": 14,
            "source": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-09-01/waymo-expands-paid-robotaxi-rides-to-denver-san-diego-and-tampa",
            "note": "Denver, San Diego, and Tampa opened to paid public riders. Las Vegas remains employee-first.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 123919488.00000001,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "Cumulative driverless VMT, year-end 2024 (Egil Juliussen compilation of Waymo disclosures)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-07-01",
            "value": 160934400,
            "source": "https://x.com/SawyerMerritt/status/2025980873833591009",
            "note": "Waymo crossed 100 million fully autonomous miles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 274715020.8,
            "source": "https://x.com/SawyerMerritt/status/2034648846664401312",
            "note": "170.7 million rider-only miles through December 2025 (Waymo Safety Impact). Rider-only is a subset of fully autonomous miles.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-02-23",
            "value": 321868800,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Waymo: over 200 million fully autonomous miles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-31",
            "value": 354055680,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Safety analysis covering more than 220 million fully autonomous miles through the end of March 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-09-01",
            "value": 495677952.00000006,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Run-rate extension: 220 million miles through March 2026 plus Waymo's disclosed ~4 million miles per week for 22 weeks. Not a new company cumulative.",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 123919488.00000001,
            "source": "https://www.eetimes.com/waymo-year-end-2025-status/",
            "note": "Cumulative driverless VMT, year-end 2024 (Egil Juliussen compilation of Waymo disclosures)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-07-01",
            "value": 160934400,
            "source": "https://x.com/SawyerMerritt/status/2025980873833591009",
            "note": "Waymo crossed 100 million fully autonomous miles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 274715020.8,
            "source": "https://x.com/SawyerMerritt/status/2034648846664401312",
            "note": "170.7 million rider-only miles through December 2025 (Waymo Safety Impact). Rider-only is a subset of fully autonomous miles.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-02-23",
            "value": 321868800,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Waymo: over 200 million fully autonomous miles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-31",
            "value": 354055680,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Safety analysis covering more than 220 million fully autonomous miles through the end of March 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-09-01",
            "value": 495677952.00000006,
            "source": "https://waymo.com/blog/",
            "note": "Run-rate extension: 220 million miles through March 2026 plus Waymo's disclosed ~4 million miles per week for 22 weeks. Not a new company cumulative.",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "baidu-apollo",
      "name": "Apollo Go",
      "service": "Apollo Go",
      "parent": "Baidu",
      "country": "CN",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://www.apollogo.com",
      "notes": "Largest disclosed autonomous-kilometer pile and the widest city footprint. Baidu does not publish a global fleet total. Distance series is cumulative autonomous km (driverless plus earlier safety-driver operations); Baidu also discloses a fully driverless subset, last 220 million km as of May 2026.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "baidu-apollo",
        "name": "Baidu Apollo",
        "url": "/company/baidu-apollo"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 1000,
        "date": "2025-06-30",
        "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Go",
        "note": "Press/Wikipedia: over 1,000 vehicles in China by mid-2025. Baidu has not published a later global total. Wuhan alone later stalled 100-plus cars in the March 2026 outage.",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "estimate"
      },
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 28,
        "date": "2026-08-18",
        "source": "https://ir.baidu.com/news-releases/news-release-details/baidu-announces-second-quarter-2026-results",
        "note": "Q2 2026 earnings: 28-city global footprint",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-all"
      },
      "distanceKm": {
        "value": 220000000,
        "date": "2026-05-01",
        "source": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026062521966-baidus-apollo-go-overtakes-waymo-as-chinese-robotaxi-operators-claim-three-top",
        "note": "220 million km fully driverless, of 330 million autonomous km. Not restated in the August Q2 print.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "driverless-public",
        "label": "Fully driverless km (paid-service subset)"
      },
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 350000000,
        "date": "2026-08-18",
        "source": "https://ir.baidu.com/news-releases/news-release-details/baidu-announces-second-quarter-2026-results",
        "note": "Q2 2026: 350 million-plus autonomous kilometers. Driverless subset not restated this quarter.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "autonomous-mixed",
        "label": "Cumulative autonomous km (incl. earlier safety-driver ops)"
      },
      "weeklyRides": {
        "value": 350000,
        "date": "2026-03-01",
        "source": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/27/baidu-apollo-go-robotaxi-300000-weekly-rides-expands-to-south-korea/",
        "note": "Peak weekly orders exceeded 350,000 in March 2026; 300,000-plus peak in Q4 2025. Still the latest disclosed weekly figure.",
        "confidence": "disclosed"
      },
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2023-02-28",
            "value": 100,
            "source": "https://baike.baidu.com/en/item/Apollo%20Go/1462954",
            "note": "Wuhan fully driverless fleet exceeded 100 vehicles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-06-30",
            "value": 1000,
            "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Go",
            "note": "Press/Wikipedia: over 1,000 vehicles in China by mid-2025. Baidu has not published a later global total. Wuhan alone later stalled 100-plus cars in the March 2026 outage.",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2024-06-30",
            "value": 11,
            "source": "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Go",
            "note": "Active in eleven Chinese cities by mid-2024",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-10-31",
            "value": 22,
            "source": "https://x.com/Baidu_Inc/status/1985368860107927955",
            "note": "Baidu: 22 cities globally as of October 31, 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-02-27",
            "value": 26,
            "source": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/27/baidu-apollo-go-robotaxi-300000-weekly-rides-expands-to-south-korea/",
            "note": "26 cities, including first Asian market beyond China and Hong Kong (Korea)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-01",
            "value": 27,
            "source": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026062521966-baidus-apollo-go-overtakes-waymo-as-chinese-robotaxi-operators-claim-three-top",
            "note": "27 cities as of May 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-18",
            "value": 28,
            "source": "https://ir.baidu.com/news-releases/news-release-details/baidu-announces-second-quarter-2026-results",
            "note": "Q2 2026 earnings: 28-city global footprint",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [
          {
            "date": "2025-10-31",
            "value": 140000000,
            "source": "https://x.com/Baidu_Inc/status/1985368860107927955",
            "note": "140 million km fully driverless, of 240 million km driven",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-02-27",
            "value": 190000000,
            "source": "https://cleantechnica.com/2026/02/27/apollo-go-reaches-20-million-trips-190-million-fully-driverless-kilometers/",
            "note": "190 million km fully driverless, of over 300 million autonomous km",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-01",
            "value": 220000000,
            "source": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026062521966-baidus-apollo-go-overtakes-waymo-as-chinese-robotaxi-operators-claim-three-top",
            "note": "220 million km fully driverless, of 330 million autonomous km. Not restated in the August Q2 print.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2025-10-31",
            "value": 240000000,
            "source": "https://x.com/Baidu_Inc/status/1985368860107927955",
            "note": "240 million km driven, including 140 million km fully driverless",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-02-27",
            "value": 300000000,
            "source": "https://cleantechnica.com/2026/02/27/apollo-go-reaches-20-million-trips-190-million-fully-driverless-kilometers/",
            "note": "Over 300 million autonomous km, 190 million fully driverless",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-01",
            "value": 330000000,
            "source": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026062521966-baidus-apollo-go-overtakes-waymo-as-chinese-robotaxi-operators-claim-three-top",
            "note": "330 million autonomous km, 220 million fully driverless",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-18",
            "value": 350000000,
            "source": "https://ir.baidu.com/news-releases/news-release-details/baidu-announces-second-quarter-2026-results",
            "note": "Q2 2026: 350 million-plus autonomous kilometers. Driverless subset not restated this quarter.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "pony-ai",
      "name": "Pony.ai",
      "service": "PonyPilot / Pony.ai Robotaxi",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "CN",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://pony.ai",
      "notes": "Fastest fleet ramp among the listed public companies: 270 robotaxis in April 2025 to 1,975 on June 30, 2026. Distance is global autonomous driving km and includes robotruck testing, so it is mixed. Coverage is the four Chinese tier-1 city operating domains.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "pony-ai",
        "name": "Pony.ai",
        "url": "/company/pony-ai"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 1975,
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926096218/tm2623123d1_ex99-1.htm",
        "note": "1,975 robotaxis as of June 30, 2026; year-end target 3,500-plus",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 2300,
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926096218/tm2623123d1_ex99-1.htm",
        "note": "Plus 300 km2 of new operational coverage in central Guangzhou since the start of 2026, added to the 2,000 km2 four-city base",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 7,
        "date": "2026-03-27",
        "source": "http://www.china.org.cn/china/Off_the_Wire/2026-03/27/content_118406344.shtml",
        "note": "Hangzhou, Changsha, and Croatia added in March 2026 on top of the four tier-1 cities",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": {
        "value": 21600000,
        "date": "2025-04-10",
        "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
        "note": "21.6 million km from public-facing robotaxi services, of 39.2 million km cumulative. Later totals mix robotruck and were not restated as robotaxi-only.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "paid",
        "label": "Public-facing robotaxi km (last split disclosed)"
      },
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 100000000,
        "date": "2026-08-10",
        "source": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ponyais-global-autonomous-driving-mileage-tops-100-million-kilometers-2087190048910106625",
        "note": "Global autonomous driving testing and operational mileage topped 100 million km",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "autonomous-mixed",
        "label": "Global autonomous km (robotaxi + robotruck testing and ops)"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 270,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Year-end 2024 robotaxi fleet",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-04-10",
            "value": 270,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Still just over 270 as of April 10, 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 1159,
            "source": "https://m.21jingji.com/article/20260124/herald/6308a67101e75670248ab05dbd69d790.html",
            "note": "Robotaxi fleet reached 1,159 by the end of 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-25",
            "value": 1446,
            "source": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0422/2026042201658.pdf",
            "note": "1,446 robotaxi vehicles produced as of March 25, 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-05-31",
            "value": 1700,
            "source": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ponyais-global-autonomous-driving-mileage-tops-100-million-kilometers-2087190048910106625",
            "note": "Fleet over 1,700 by May 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-30",
            "value": 1975,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926096218/tm2623123d1_ex99-1.htm",
            "note": "1,975 robotaxis as of June 30, 2026; year-end target 3,500-plus",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-25",
            "value": 2000,
            "source": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0422/2026042201658.pdf",
            "note": "Commercial operating domains across Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen expanded to over 2,000 km2",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-30",
            "value": 2300,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001969302/000110465926096218/tm2623123d1_ex99-1.htm",
            "note": "Plus 300 km2 of new operational coverage in central Guangzhou since the start of 2026, added to the 2,000 km2 four-city base",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 4,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Four Chinese tier-1 cities with public-facing robotaxi permits",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-27",
            "value": 7,
            "source": "http://www.china.org.cn/china/Off_the_Wire/2026-03/27/content_118406344.shtml",
            "note": "Hangzhou, Changsha, and Croatia added in March 2026 on top of the four tier-1 cities",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [
          {
            "date": "2025-04-10",
            "value": 21600000,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
            "note": "21.6 million km from public-facing robotaxi services, of 39.2 million km cumulative. Later totals mix robotruck and were not restated as robotaxi-only.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2025-04-10",
            "value": 39200000,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000141057825000895/pony-20241231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Over 39.2 million km cumulative; 21.6 million km from public-facing robotaxi services",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-07-24",
            "value": 50000000,
            "source": "https://www.linkedin.com/posts/pony-ai_autonomousdriving-ponyai-mobilityinnovation-activity-7353967156729974785-x7PK",
            "note": "Global autonomous driving testing surpassed 50 million km",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-31",
            "value": 65000000,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1969302/000110465926046406/pony-20251231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Over 65 million km as of March 31, 2026 (20F). Some later remarks cited 70 million.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-10",
            "value": 100000000,
            "source": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ponyais-global-autonomous-driving-mileage-tops-100-million-kilometers-2087190048910106625",
            "note": "Global autonomous driving testing and operational mileage topped 100 million km",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "weride",
      "name": "WeRide",
      "service": "WeRide Robotaxi / GXR",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "CN",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "mixed",
      "website": "https://www.weride.ai",
      "notes": "Global robotaxi fleet 1,800-plus as of July 31, 2026, inside a 3,400-vehicle L4 fleet that also includes robobuses, robovans, and robosweepers. Do not compare the 3,400 L4 number with Waymo's robotaxi count. City count of 60-plus includes testing; paid driverless commercial service is a much smaller set (Guangzhou, Beijing, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Singapore).",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "weride",
        "name": "WeRide",
        "url": "/company/weride"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 1800,
        "date": "2026-07-31",
        "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/12/3343512/0/en/accelerating-european-expansion-through-proven-asset-light-model-driving-rapid-overseas-revenue-growth-2q2026-total-revenue-reached-rmb231-7-million-up-82-2-year-over-year.html",
        "note": "1,800-plus robotaxis; ~3,400 total L4 vehicles",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 1000,
        "date": "2026-03-23",
        "source": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0423/2026042303220.pdf",
        "note": "China robotaxi service covering over 1,000 km2 including airports and major stations in Beijing and Guangzhou. Not a global sum.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 60,
        "date": "2026-08-12",
        "source": "https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/chinas-weride-eyes-australia-southeast-asia-among-potential-new-markets-after-strong-q2-4856956",
        "note": "60-plus cities / 13 countries. Includes testing and non-robotaxi L4 products.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-all"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 55000000,
        "date": "2025-10-27",
        "source": "http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1290/0001104659-25-105171.pdf",
        "note": "Approximately 55 million km of L4 autonomous driving mileage on public roads. Includes robobus and other L4 products, not robotaxi-only.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "autonomous-mixed",
        "label": "L4 autonomous km on public roads (all WeRide products)"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2024-12-31",
            "value": 202,
            "source": "http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1290/0001104659-25-105171.pdf",
            "note": "Self-operated vehicles engaged in commercial activities at year-end 2024, plus 269 partner vehicles. Plotting self-operated commercial robotaxi-relevant count is messy; later points are the disclosed global robotaxi fleet.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-01-12",
            "value": 1023,
            "source": "https://m.21jingji.com/article/20260124/herald/6308a67101e75670248ab05dbd69d790.html",
            "note": "Global robotaxi fleet reached 1,023",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-23",
            "value": 1125,
            "source": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0423/2026042303220.pdf",
            "note": "Global robotaxi fleet 1,125; total AV fleet 2,113",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-30",
            "value": 1300,
            "source": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/05/13/weride-wrd-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript/",
            "note": "About 1,300 robotaxis by the end of April 2026 (~1,000 in China, ~300 international)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-07-31",
            "value": 1800,
            "source": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/08/12/3343512/0/en/accelerating-european-expansion-through-proven-asset-light-model-driving-rapid-overseas-revenue-growth-2q2026-total-revenue-reached-rmb231-7-million-up-82-2-year-over-year.html",
            "note": "1,800-plus robotaxis; ~3,400 total L4 vehicles",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-23",
            "value": 1000,
            "source": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0423/2026042303220.pdf",
            "note": "China robotaxi service covering over 1,000 km2 including airports and major stations in Beijing and Guangzhou. Not a global sum.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2025-10-20",
            "value": 30,
            "source": "http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1290/0001104659-25-105171.pdf",
            "note": "Over 30 cities across 11 countries as of October 20, 2025 (products, not all paid robotaxi)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-30",
            "value": 40,
            "source": "https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2026/05/13/weride-wrd-q1-2026-earnings-call-transcript/",
            "note": "Over 40 cities in 12 countries",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-12",
            "value": 60,
            "source": "https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/chinas-weride-eyes-australia-southeast-asia-among-potential-new-markets-after-strong-q2-4856956",
            "note": "60-plus cities / 13 countries. Includes testing and non-robotaxi L4 products.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2025-10-27",
            "value": 55000000,
            "source": "http://pdf.secdatabase.com/1290/0001104659-25-105171.pdf",
            "note": "Approximately 55 million km of L4 autonomous driving mileage on public roads. Includes robobus and other L4 products, not robotaxi-only.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "tesla",
      "name": "Tesla",
      "service": "Tesla Robotaxi",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "US",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://www.tesla.com/robotaxi",
      "notes": "Unsupervised Robotaxi in six US metros (Austin, Dallas, Houston, Miami, Orlando, Tampa) plus a supervised Bay Area pilot. Cybercab entered paid Austin service on September 3-4, 2026 (45 registered in Texas). Paid distance is Tesla's cumulative paid Robotaxi miles (includes safety-monitor trips). Unsupervised subset reached 1 million miles on September 3, 2026. FSD (Supervised) on customer cars is on the All autonomy series, not paid. Fleet series is Texas registrations, which are not the same as cars running unsupervised, and exclude Florida.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "tesla",
        "name": "Tesla",
        "url": "/company/tesla"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 420,
        "date": "2026-09-02",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Texas registrations: 375 Model Y plus 45 Cybercab. Registered in one state, not confirmed unsupervised, and not a US total.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "registered"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 745.9165439999999,
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "source": "https://teslant.com/en/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-geofence-288-square-miles-2026-08",
        "note": "Austin ~288 sq mi. Florida add-ons are small (Miami ~10-14, Orlando ~12-15, Tampa ~4-5 sq mi) and are not in this Austin-only series.",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 6,
        "date": "2026-07-21",
        "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/07/21/tesla-spins-up-robotaxi-pilots-in-orlando-and-tampa-ahead-of-q2-earnings/",
        "note": "Orlando and Tampa. Bay Area remains supervised and is not counted here.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": {
        "value": 3862425.6,
        "date": "2026-06-30",
        "source": "https://assets-ir.tesla.com/tesla-contents/IR/TSLA-Q2-2026-Update.pdf",
        "note": "Tesla Q2 2026 update: about 2.4 million cumulative paid Robotaxi miles through June. Includes safety-monitor trips (Bay Area still supervised). Unsupervised subset was 380,000 miles on the July 22 call and 1 million on September 3.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "paid",
        "label": "Paid Robotaxi miles (includes some safety-monitor trips)"
      },
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 22530816000,
        "date": "2026-08-27",
        "source": "https://www.frunklab.com/news/tesla-fsd-14-billion-miles",
        "note": "FSD (Supervised) fleet crossed 14 billion cumulative miles on August 27, 24 days after 13 billion on August 3. Tesla dashboard / Safety Hub.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "fsd-supervised",
        "label": "FSD (Supervised) miles on customer cars"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2025-06-22",
            "value": 20,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/06/03/tesla-robotaxi-expands-entire-austin-metro-only-20-vehicles/",
            "note": "Austin launch-era supervised fleet, order-of-magnitude",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-30",
            "value": 34,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/06/03/tesla-robotaxi-expands-entire-austin-metro-only-20-vehicles/",
            "note": "Robotaxi Tracker: unsupervised peak around 25 in Austin plus Dallas 3 and Houston 6",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-02",
            "value": 42,
            "source": "https://www.techtimes.com/articles/318160/20260610/tesla-robotaxi-trails-waymo-42-577-texasaustin-map-masks-20-car-fleet-until-fsd-v15-rewrite.htm",
            "note": "Texas DMV: 42 Tesla vehicles authorized for driverless ride-hailing statewide",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-10",
            "value": 59,
            "source": "https://www.gradually.ai/en/robotaxi-statistics/",
            "note": "Bloomberg count of Tesla robotaxi vehicles, June 2026",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-07-15",
            "value": 175,
            "source": "https://cryptobriefing.com/tesla-texas-robotaxi-fleet-420-vehicles/",
            "note": "Texas registrations climbed to roughly 175 by mid-July",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-09-02",
            "value": 420,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Texas registrations: 375 Model Y plus 45 Cybercab. Registered in one state, not confirmed unsupervised, and not a US total.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2025-06-22",
            "value": 51.79976,
            "source": "https://www.techtimes.com/articles/317890/20260605/tesla-robotaxi-covers-entire-austin-metro-245-square-miles-about-20-driverless-cars.htm",
            "note": "Austin launch geofence ~20 sq mi",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-10-31",
            "value": 629.367084,
            "source": "https://teslant.com/en/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-geofence-288-square-miles-2026-08",
            "note": "Austin geofence after the late-October 2025 expansion, TeslaNorth measurement",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-03",
            "value": 634.54706,
            "source": "https://www.techtimes.com/articles/317890/20260605/tesla-robotaxi-covers-entire-austin-metro-245-square-miles-about-20-driverless-cars.htm",
            "note": "Unsupervised service across the Austin metro, ~245 sq mi",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-31",
            "value": 745.9165439999999,
            "source": "https://teslant.com/en/news/tesla-robotaxi-austin-geofence-288-square-miles-2026-08",
            "note": "Austin ~288 sq mi. Florida add-ons are small (Miami ~10-14, Orlando ~12-15, Tampa ~4-5 sq mi) and are not in this Austin-only series.",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2025-06-22",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://www.tesla.com/robotaxi",
            "note": "Austin launch (supervised, then unsupervised in 2026)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-04-01",
            "value": 3,
            "source": "https://www.autoblog.com/news/tesla-adds-two-unsupervised-robotaxi-cities-as-it-pushes-beyond-evs",
            "note": "Dallas and Houston added",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-07-03",
            "value": 4,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/07/03/tesla-robotaxi-miami-service-area-map/",
            "note": "Miami, first market outside Texas and California",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-07-21",
            "value": 6,
            "source": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/07/21/tesla-spins-up-robotaxi-pilots-in-orlando-and-tampa-ahead-of-q2-earnings/",
            "note": "Orlando and Tampa. Bay Area remains supervised and is not counted here.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-31",
            "value": 2735884.8000000003,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/07/22/tesla-robotaxi-growth-flat-own-chart-q2-2026/",
            "note": "Tesla Q1 2026 update chart: about 1.7 million cumulative paid Robotaxi miles. Includes safety-monitor trips.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-06-30",
            "value": 3862425.6,
            "source": "https://assets-ir.tesla.com/tesla-contents/IR/TSLA-Q2-2026-Update.pdf",
            "note": "Tesla Q2 2026 update: about 2.4 million cumulative paid Robotaxi miles through June. Includes safety-monitor trips (Bay Area still supervised). Unsupervised subset was 380,000 miles on the July 22 call and 1 million on September 3.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2026-05-03",
            "value": 16093440000.000002,
            "source": "https://electrek.co/2026/05/03/tesla-fsd-10-billion-miles-no-magical-milestone-autonomy/",
            "note": "Tesla safety page: FSD (Supervised) fleet crossed 10 billion cumulative miles. Customer cars, driver responsible.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-07-18",
            "value": 20028512991.066624,
            "source": "https://www.lookupaplate.com/blog/tesla-fsd-statistics/",
            "note": "Tesla FSD counter: 12,445,140,996 miles on July 18, 2026, read from tesla.com/fsd.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-27",
            "value": 22530816000,
            "source": "https://www.frunklab.com/news/tesla-fsd-14-billion-miles",
            "note": "FSD (Supervised) fleet crossed 14 billion cumulative miles on August 27, 24 days after 13 billion on August 3. Tesla dashboard / Safety Hub.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "zoox",
      "name": "Zoox",
      "service": "Zoox",
      "parent": "Amazon",
      "country": "US",
      "status": "public-paid",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://zoox.com",
      "notes": "First US paid service in a purpose-built vehicle with no steering wheel or pedals (Las Vegas, August 10, 2026). San Francisco remains free pending California deployment permits. Distance is autonomous public-road miles across active markets, mixing paid Vegas with free and early-rider miles.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": {
        "slug": "zoox",
        "name": "Zoox",
        "url": "/company/zoox"
      },
      "fleet": {
        "value": 65,
        "date": "2026-08-10",
        "source": "https://nta.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/ntanvgov/content/Carriers/Certificates/T_to_Z/Zoox_inc_AVNC001-cert_ADA.pdf",
        "note": "About 65 robotaxis in paid Las Vegas service under a 100-vehicle Clark County cap. Other cities not included.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 2,
        "date": "2025-11-18",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "San Francisco waitlist / Explorers program, still free. Paid fares are Las Vegas only as of August 2026.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": {
        "value": 4828032,
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "source": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/aug/06/free-rides-no-more-zoox-robotaxi-service-to-begin/",
        "note": "More than 3 million miles across Las Vegas, San Francisco, Austin, and Miami; Las Vegas nearly 2 million of that",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "driverless-public",
        "label": "Autonomous public-road miles across active markets"
      },
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 4828032,
        "date": "2026-08-11",
        "source": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/aug/06/free-rides-no-more-zoox-robotaxi-service-to-begin/",
        "note": "More than 3 million miles across Las Vegas, San Francisco, Austin, and Miami; Las Vegas nearly 2 million of that",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "driverless-public",
        "label": "Autonomous public-road miles across active markets"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2025-04-01",
            "value": 270,
            "source": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/aug/06/free-rides-no-more-zoox-robotaxi-service-to-begin/",
            "note": "NHTSA recall pulled 270 cars in spring 2025 after a Las Vegas collision; that is a then-fleet proxy, not the later purpose-built paid fleet",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-03-01",
            "value": 100,
            "source": "https://www.gradually.ai/en/robotaxi-statistics/",
            "note": "About 100 vehicles around March 2026 (third-party compilation)",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-10",
            "value": 65,
            "source": "https://nta.nv.gov/uploadedFiles/ntanvgov/content/Carriers/Certificates/T_to_Z/Zoox_inc_AVNC001-cert_ADA.pdf",
            "note": "About 65 robotaxis in paid Las Vegas service under a 100-vehicle Clark County cap. Other cities not included.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2025-09-10",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://www.engadget.com/transportation/zoox-is-bringing-its-robotaxi-to-new-cities-and-expanding-coverage-in-las-vegas-and-san-francisco-195410391.html",
            "note": "Las Vegas public (free) launch",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2025-11-18",
            "value": 2,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "San Francisco waitlist / Explorers program, still free. Paid fares are Las Vegas only as of August 2026.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-24",
            "value": 3218688,
            "source": "https://www.therobotreport.com/zoox-sets-geographic-milestones-product-features-robotaxi/",
            "note": "Nearly 2 million autonomous miles since the Las Vegas launch",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-11",
            "value": 4828032,
            "source": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/aug/06/free-rides-no-more-zoox-robotaxi-service-to-begin/",
            "note": "More than 3 million miles across Las Vegas, San Francisco, Austin, and Miami; Las Vegas nearly 2 million of that",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-24",
            "value": 3218688,
            "source": "https://www.therobotreport.com/zoox-sets-geographic-milestones-product-features-robotaxi/",
            "note": "Nearly 2 million autonomous miles since the Las Vegas launch",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-11",
            "value": 4828032,
            "source": "https://lasvegassun.com/news/2026/aug/06/free-rides-no-more-zoox-robotaxi-service-to-begin/",
            "note": "More than 3 million miles across Las Vegas, San Francisco, Austin, and Miami; Las Vegas nearly 2 million of that",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "avride",
      "name": "Avride",
      "service": "Avride on Uber (Dallas)",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "US",
      "status": "limited",
      "autonomy": "supervised",
      "website": "https://www.avride.ai",
      "notes": "Uber Dallas partner. More than 100,000 autonomous rides with a safety operator still in the seat. Not driverless. Mileage is on the All autonomy series, not paid, because a safety-operator mile is not a Waymo paid mile. Tesla FSD sits on that same broader series.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": {
        "value": 200,
        "date": "2026-08-14",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Avride: over 200 vehicles; NHTSA PE26003 estimates the same population",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 23.309891999999998,
        "date": "2025-12-03",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Dallas launch zone ~9 sq mi (Downtown, Uptown, Turtle Creek, Deep Ellum)",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 1,
        "date": "2025-12-03",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Dallas, via Uber, safety operator onboard",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 2092147.2000000002,
        "date": "2026-08-14",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "More than 1.3 million cumulative autonomous miles, about 1 million of them in 2026. Safety operator still in the seat.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "autonomous-mixed",
        "label": "Cumulative autonomous miles (safety operator onboard)"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2026-08-14",
            "value": 200,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Avride: over 200 vehicles; NHTSA PE26003 estimates the same population",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2025-12-03",
            "value": 23.309891999999998,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Dallas launch zone ~9 sq mi (Downtown, Uptown, Turtle Creek, Deep Ellum)",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2025-12-03",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Dallas, via Uber, safety operator onboard",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2026-08-14",
            "value": 2092147.2000000002,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "More than 1.3 million cumulative autonomous miles, about 1 million of them in 2026. Safety operator still in the seat.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "autox",
      "name": "AutoX",
      "service": "AutoX RoboTaxi",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "CN",
      "status": "limited",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://www.autox.ai",
      "notes": "Early Shenzhen driverless pioneer. Claimed a 1,000-vehicle produced fleet years ago; public disclosures have thinned since 2023. Current operating scale is not comparable to Apollo, Pony, or WeRide on published evidence.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": {
        "value": 1000,
        "date": "2021-08-01",
        "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
        "note": "AutoX said its RoboTaxi fleet had exceeded 1,000 vehicles produced. Not a verified 2026 in-service count.",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "produced"
      },
      "coverageKm2": {
        "value": 1000,
        "date": "2021-08-01",
        "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
        "note": "Shenzhen service area more than 1,000 km2, of which 168 km2 fully driverless at the time",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "service-geofence"
      },
      "cities": {
        "value": 2,
        "date": "2021-08-01",
        "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
        "note": "Shenzhen and Shanghai among operating cities in 2021",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": null,
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2021-08-01",
            "value": 1000,
            "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
            "note": "AutoX said its RoboTaxi fleet had exceeded 1,000 vehicles produced. Not a verified 2026 in-service count.",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [
          {
            "date": "2021-08-01",
            "value": 1000,
            "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
            "note": "Shenzhen service area more than 1,000 km2, of which 168 km2 fully driverless at the time",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2021-08-01",
            "value": 2,
            "source": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/autox_passes_1000_robotaxi_fleet_milestone_expands_san_francisco_testing/Autonomous_Vehicles",
            "note": "Shenzhen and Shanghai among operating cities in 2021",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": []
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "didi",
      "name": "DiDi Autonomous Driving",
      "service": "DiDi Robotaxi R2",
      "parent": "DiDi Global",
      "country": "CN",
      "status": "limited",
      "autonomy": "mixed",
      "website": "https://www.didiglobal.com",
      "notes": "Purpose-built R2, jointly developed with GAC Aion, entered fully driverless service trials in selected Beijing and Guangzhou demonstration areas on August 31, 2026, bookable in the DiDi app. Fleet size and kilometers are not disclosed in a form that can be plotted yet.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": null,
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 2,
        "date": "2026-08-31",
        "source": "https://selfdrivenews.com/didi-robotaxi-r2-driverless-service-trials/",
        "note": "R2 driverless trials in Beijing and Guangzhou demonstration areas",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": null,
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2025-12-31",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1764757/000110465926042350/didi-20251231x20f.htm",
            "note": "Fully driverless robotaxi services launched in Guangzhou in 2025",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2026-08-31",
            "value": 2,
            "source": "https://selfdrivenews.com/didi-robotaxi-r2-driverless-service-trials/",
            "note": "R2 driverless trials in Beijing and Guangzhou demonstration areas",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": []
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "motional",
      "name": "Motional",
      "service": "Motional on Uber (Las Vegas)",
      "parent": "Hyundai",
      "country": "US",
      "status": "limited",
      "autonomy": "supervised",
      "website": "https://motional.com",
      "notes": "Hyundai-owned after Aptiv's exit. Ioniq 5 robotaxis hailable on Uber across five Las Vegas zones with a safety monitor onboard. Driverless service still targeted for the end of 2026. Fleet and mileage not disclosed in a plottable series.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": null,
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 1,
        "date": "2026-03-13",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Las Vegas supervised Uber pilot",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": null,
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2026-03-13",
            "value": 1,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Las Vegas supervised Uber pilot",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": []
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "may-mobility",
      "name": "May Mobility",
      "service": "May Mobility",
      "parent": null,
      "country": "US",
      "status": "limited",
      "autonomy": "supervised",
      "website": "https://maymobility.com",
      "notes": "Lower-speed shared shuttles and on-demand transit more than a citywide robotaxi network. Lyft Atlanta still has an onboard operator. The company says it has completed more than half a million commercial autonomous rides across the US and Japan. Peachtree Corners, its only listed driver-out US service, was no longer on the active-deployments list as of early September 2026.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": null,
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 3,
        "date": "2026-09-05",
        "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
        "note": "Active US deployments: Atlanta (Lyft), Grand Rapids MN, Eden Prairie MN, all with an onboard operator",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": null,
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2026-09-05",
            "value": 3,
            "source": "https://thechargeport.com/robotaxi-tracker",
            "note": "Active US deployments: Atlanta (Lyft), Grand Rapids MN, Eden Prairie MN, all with an onboard operator",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": []
      }
    },
    {
      "slug": "cruise",
      "name": "Cruise",
      "service": "Cruise (shut down)",
      "parent": "General Motors",
      "country": "US",
      "status": "shutdown",
      "autonomy": "driverless",
      "website": "https://www.gm.com",
      "notes": "Included so the historical US field is not missing. California pulled Cruise's driverless permit in October 2023 after a pedestrian-drag incident in San Francisco. GM wound down the robotaxi business in December 2024 and folded the team into personal-vehicle ADAS. No public robotaxi service since.",
      "lastUpdated": "2026-09-09",
      "company": null,
      "fleet": {
        "value": 0,
        "date": "2024-12-10",
        "source": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/10/24318259/gm-cruise-shutdown-robotaxi-super-cruise",
        "note": "GM ends funding; robotaxi service shut down",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "commercial-in-service"
      },
      "coverageKm2": null,
      "cities": {
        "value": 0,
        "date": "2023-10-26",
        "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/cruise-driverless-taxi-united-states.html",
        "note": "Driverless operations paused nationwide",
        "confidence": "disclosed",
        "basis": "cities-public"
      },
      "distanceKm": null,
      "distanceAllKm": {
        "value": 8046720.000000001,
        "date": "2023-10-01",
        "source": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/11/24318651/cruise-robotaxi-gm-funding-autonomous-vehicles-risk",
        "note": "About 5 million miles of real-world testing cited at the time of the shutdown coverage",
        "confidence": "estimate",
        "basis": "autonomous-mixed",
        "label": "Real-world testing miles (historical)"
      },
      "weeklyRides": null,
      "series": {
        "fleet": [
          {
            "date": "2023-08-01",
            "value": 400,
            "source": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/11/24318651/cruise-robotaxi-gm-funding-autonomous-vehicles-risk",
            "note": "Peak San Francisco-era commercial fleet, order-of-magnitude from contemporary reporting",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          },
          {
            "date": "2023-10-26",
            "value": 0,
            "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/cruise-driverless-taxi-united-states.html",
            "note": "Nationwide pause of driverless operations",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2024-12-10",
            "value": 0,
            "source": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/10/24318259/gm-cruise-shutdown-robotaxi-super-cruise",
            "note": "GM ends funding; robotaxi service shut down",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "coverageKm2": [],
        "cities": [
          {
            "date": "2023-08-01",
            "value": 3,
            "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/cruise-driverless-taxi-united-states.html",
            "note": "San Francisco, Austin, Phoenix paid or limited public, before the October 2023 pause",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          },
          {
            "date": "2023-10-26",
            "value": 0,
            "source": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/cruise-driverless-taxi-united-states.html",
            "note": "Driverless operations paused nationwide",
            "confidence": "disclosed"
          }
        ],
        "distanceKm": [],
        "distanceAllKm": [
          {
            "date": "2023-10-01",
            "value": 8046720.000000001,
            "source": "https://www.theverge.com/2024/12/11/24318651/cruise-robotaxi-gm-funding-autonomous-vehicles-risk",
            "note": "About 5 million miles of real-world testing cited at the time of the shutdown coverage",
            "confidence": "estimate"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}