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Commonwealth Fusion Systems

PrivateFounded 2018🇺🇸Devens, Massachusetts
CEO

Bob Mumgaard

Data verified as of Sep 3, 2026

Summary

Commonwealth Fusion Systems is building commercial fusion systems around high-temperature superconducting magnet technology developed with MIT. SPARC, its fusion-energy demonstration tokamak under construction in Devens, Massachusetts, reached ~80% completion by the end of July 2026: the first of 18 toroidal-field magnets was installed in January and the second 48-ton vacuum-vessel half arrived in May, with all 18 magnets targeted by end of summer 2026 ahead of first plasma and a Q>1 net-energy attempt in 2027. ARC, CFS' first commercial plant - officially named the Fall Line Fusion Power Station and sited on 100 acres in Chesterfield County, Virginia - became in April 2026 the first fusion project to file for grid interconnection with PJM, and on June 4, 2026 CFS published a five-paper ARC Physics Basis in the Journal of Plasma Physics projecting ~1.1 GW of fusion power and ~400 MW of net electricity. CFS has also begun monetizing its HTS magnet platform, signing a potentially multi-billion-dollar long-term magnet supply deal with Realta Fusion and launching a SPARC digital twin program with Nvidia and Siemens, and in July 2026 became the first international partner in the UK Atomic Energy Authority's £220M LIBRTI tritium-breeding program to tackle fusion's fuel-supply challenge. On July 30, 2026 CFS closed $1B more from pension and sovereign-wealth funds (bringing total capital to $4B) and named former Moderna CFO Lorence Kim - who led that company's 2018 IPO - as its new chief financial officer, a hire widely read as early positioning for a future CFS public listing.

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Main Products

SPARC

SPARC

Under Construction

Compact, high-field tokamak designed to demonstrate net energy from fusion. It uses high-temperature superconducting magnets to achieve reactor-class magnetic fields in a much smaller machine, with peer-reviewed projections of roughly Q ~11 and ~140 MW of fusion power.

Assembly is advancing at the Devens campus. SPARC is about 80% complete: the first of 18 toroidal-field magnets was installed at CES 2026 in January, the second 48-ton vacuum-vessel half was lowered into Tokamak Hall in May 2026, and CFS targets having all 18 TF magnets installed by end of summer 2026 ahead of first plasma and a Q>1 net-energy attempt in 2027. CFS is also building an AI-powered digital twin of SPARC with Nvidia and Siemens.

Projected GainQ ~11
Projected Fusion Power~140 MW
Magnetic Field12.2 T on-axis / just above 20 T on coil
TF Magnets18 (installation under way; all targeted by end of summer 2026)
Build Progress~80% complete; both vacuum vessel halves installed
First Plasma Target2027
ARC (Fall Line Fusion Power Station)

CFS' first planned grid-scale commercial fusion power plant, designed to deliver about 400 MW of clean electricity using the HTS magnet and tokamak stack proven through SPARC. The project is officially named the Fall Line Fusion Power Station and is planned for a 100-acre site at the James River Industrial Center in Chesterfield County, Virginia.

Has not broken ground, but local land-use approval is secured: the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors granted final zoning/conditional-use approval in September 2025, and in April 2026 CFS became the first fusion company to file a grid interconnection request with PJM Interconnection, the largest U.S. wholesale electricity market (a process PJM typically runs 4-6 years). The plant is locked in with a 200 MW PPA from Google and a $1B+ offtake agreement with Eni; CFS still targets the early 2030s for first electricity delivery and a 20-year operating life.

Target Output~400 MW
LocationJames River Industrial Center, Chesterfield County, Virginia (100-acre site)
Anchor OfftakesGoogle 200 MW PPA + Eni $1B+ offtake
Virginia ZoningFinal conditional-use approval granted by Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors, September 17, 2025
Grid InterconnectionPJM application filed April 28, 2026 (first ever for a fusion plant); PJM's study process typically runs 4-6 years
Target First PowerEarly 2030s

What's Next

Install all 18 SPARC TF magnets

Finish installing the remaining SPARC toroidal-field magnets in Tokamak Hall by the end of summer 2026, building on the first magnet placed at CES 2026 and the second vacuum-vessel half lowered in May 2026.

End of summer 2026

Complete SPARC assembly and commissioning

Close the external cryostat, integrate fuel and diagnostic lines, and complete final commissioning of the integrated tokamak, cryogenic, RF heating, and magnet systems at the Devens campus.

2026–2027

SPARC first plasma and net energy (Q>1)

Bring SPARC online and achieve first plasma, then push to net fusion energy (Q>1) - CFS' published design work projects about Q ~11 and ~140 MW of fusion power, which would make SPARC the first magnetic-confinement machine built outside a government lab to produce more fusion power than it consumes.

2027

Move Fall Line Fusion Power Station through PJM interconnection study

Local land-use approval is already secured (Chesterfield County granted final zoning/conditional-use approval in September 2025). The remaining long-lead item is PJM Interconnection's multi-year (roughly 4-6 year) engineering study and approval process for the April 2026 grid-interconnection request, alongside locking down the final ARC plant design ahead of construction later this decade.

2026-2032

Scale the HTS magnet supply business

Execute the April 2026 Realta Fusion long-term HTS magnet supply agreement and turn the Type One Energy licensing deal, WHAM magnet supply, and Realta partnership into a recurring magnet business that funds the fusion roadmap before SPARC and ARC reach revenue.

2026+

Operations & Revenue

StatusPre-revenue (electricity)

SPARC is ~80% complete: the first toroidal-field magnet was installed at CES 2026, the second vacuum-vessel half was lowered into Tokamak Hall in May 2026, and CFS targets installing all 18 TF magnets by the end of summer 2026 ahead of first plasma and a Q>1 attempt in 2027. The Fall Line Fusion Power Station (ARC) site in Chesterfield County, Virginia, has not broken ground, but CFS became the first fusion company to file a PJM grid interconnection request in April 2026 and the first ARC plant is locked in with a Google 200 MW PPA and a $1B+ Eni offtake. The HTS magnet platform is generating near-term commercial momentum through deals with Realta Fusion, Type One Energy, and the WHAM experiment. CFS closed $1B more in equity financing on July 30, 2026 (total capital ~$4B) from pension and sovereign-wealth funds and named former Moderna CFO Lorence Kim as CFO, a move read as early groundwork for an eventual public listing.

Revenue Streams

Google Power Purchase Agreement

200 MW PPA with Google for electricity from the Fall Line Fusion Power Station (first ARC commercial fusion plant) in Chesterfield County, Virginia.

Eni Power Agreement

More than $1B offtake agreement with Eni for electricity from CFS' first ARC power plant (Fall Line Fusion Power Station) in Virginia.

HTS Magnet Supply & Licensing

CFS is monetizing its superconducting magnet platform through external partnerships, anchored by an April 2026 long-term HTS magnet design and manufacturing agreement with Realta Fusion (potential multi-billion-dollar value) and prior cable licensing with Type One Energy plus magnet supply to the Wisconsin WHAM experiment.

Key Metrics

Employees

~1,150

Est. Annual Revenue

Pre-revenue on electricity; growing HTS magnet supply revenue with Realta Fusion long-term deal (multi-billion potential)

Total Funding

~$4B

SPARC Target Performance

Q ~11 and ~140 MW fusion power

SPARC Build Progress

~80% complete (both vacuum vessel halves in Tokamak Hall; magnets installing)

SPARC TF Magnets Installed

Installation under way; all 18 targeted by end of summer 2026

ARC Target Output

~400 MW (Fall Line Fusion Power Station, Chesterfield County, VA)

Commercial Offtake Secured

Google 200 MW PPA + Eni $1B+ offtake from first ARC plant

Timeline

2026SPARC facility passes 75% complete

CFS says its SPARC facility is about 75% complete, with both halves of the vacuum vessel and two of the 18 toroidal field magnets now in Tokamak Hall.

2026First SPARC magnet installed; Nvidia & Siemens digital twin

At CES 2026 in January, CFS installs the first of SPARC's 18 toroidal field magnets - each about 24 tons, generating roughly 20 tesla - and announces a partnership with Nvidia and Siemens to build an AI-powered digital twin of SPARC using Siemens Xcelerator and Nvidia Omniverse. All 18 magnets are targeted to be installed by the end of summer 2026.

2026Realta Fusion long-term HTS magnet supply deal

In April 2026 CFS signs a long-term strategic partnership to design and manufacture HTS magnets for Realta Fusion's CoSMo magnetic-mirror fusion systems, covering magnets for Realta's Anvil prototype and its commercial-scale successor Hammir. CFS' chief commercial officer Rick Needham calls it the company's largest deal of its kind to date, with potential multi-billion-dollar value over the life of the agreement.

2026First fusion company to apply to PJM grid interconnection

On April 28, 2026, CFS becomes the first fusion company to submit a grid interconnection request, applying to PJM Interconnection for its first commercial ARC plant - officially named the Fall Line Fusion Power Station - on a 100-acre site in the James River Industrial Center in Chesterfield County, Virginia. CFS still targets electricity delivery from ARC in the early 2030s.

2026Second vacuum vessel half installed at SPARC

In May 2026 CFS lowers the second 48-ton half of the SPARC vacuum vessel into Tokamak Hall, giving the tokamak its final structural shape. Closure of the external cryostat and integration of fuel lines remain pending as the team continues toward end-of-summer magnet completion.

2026ARC Physics Basis published in Journal of Plasma Physics

On June 4, 2026 CFS publishes a five-paper ARC Physics Basis in a special issue of Cambridge University Press' Journal of Plasma Physics, the most detailed peer-reviewed scientific case yet for a commercial-scale tokamak power plant. The papers use SPARC design lessons and state-of-the-art tools to project that the Fall Line Fusion Power Station will produce roughly 1.1 GW of fusion power and deliver about 400 MW of continuous net electricity to the grid, building on the original seven SPARC papers from 2020.

2026Plynth Energy (Abu Dhabi) takes minority stake

In June 2026 Plynth Energy, an Abu Dhabi government-owned early-stage investment fund, acquires a minority stake in CFS reported at more than $100 million (exact terms undisclosed), adding a Gulf sovereign-capital backer targeting exposure to SPARC and the planned ARC power plant alongside interests in precision manufacturing, advanced materials, and diagnostic systems.

2026First international partner in UK's LIBRTI tritium-breeding program

On July 1, 2026 CFS became the first international company to join the UK Atomic Energy Authority's Lithium Breeding Tritium Innovation (LIBRTI) program, a £220 million UK government initiative to demonstrate net tritium production for fusion power. The partnership gives CFS early access to world-leading breeding-blanket testing infrastructure - including a large high-flux neutron source at UKAEA's Culham Campus in Oxfordshire - to develop and test the systems a commercial reactor would need to generate its own tritium fuel, one of fusion's biggest unsolved challenges.

2026Raises $1B more, total capital reaches $4B

On July 30, 2026 CFS closed $1 billion of additional equity financing from institutional investors, bringing its total capital raised to $4 billion, about 30% of all capital raised by the fusion industry to date and the largest total of any fusion company. CEO Bob Mumgaard said the funds go toward finishing SPARC assembly in Devens and planning the ARC commercial plant in Virginia.

2026Names former Moderna CFO Lorence Kim as CFO

On July 30, 2026 CFS names Lorence Kim - who served as CFO of Moderna and helped lead that company's December 2018 IPO - as its new chief financial officer. CEO Bob Mumgaard says Kim's experience taking a deep-science company from research roots to commercial scale applies directly to CFS' mission; the hire is widely read by industry observers as early positioning for a CFS public listing, though no IPO date has been set.

2025Google strategic partnership

Google signs a strategic partnership that includes a 200 MW power purchase agreement from ARC and collaboration on grid decarbonization and commercial fusion deployment.

2025$863M Series B2

Raises $863M to complete SPARC and continue development work on ARC in Virginia, bringing total capital raised to nearly $3B.

2025Chesterfield County grants final zoning approval for ARC

On September 17, 2025, the Chesterfield County Board of Supervisors unanimously grants final zoning approval (conditional-use permit) for the ARC fusion power plant at the James River Industrial Center, the world's first such permit issued for a commercial fusion facility. The approval follows an August 2025 recommendation from the county Planning Commission and clears the local land-use hurdle for the roughly $2.5B, 400 MW plant ahead of the later PJM grid-interconnection filing.

2025DOE validates SPARC toroidal-field magnet; Energy Secretary visits Devens

On September 30, 2025, an independent panel of national-lab reviewers under the U.S. Department of Energy's Milestone-Based Fusion Development Program validates rigorous performance tests of CFS' full-scale toroidal-field (TF) magnet, confirming the production HTS magnets pass acceptance testing for use in SPARC. The milestone earns CFS an $8 million DOE award, the largest paid to any company in the program, and Energy Secretary Chris Wright visits the Devens campus to see SPARC assembly underway.

2024First external HTS magnets shipped

Delivers superconducting magnets to the University of Wisconsin's WHAM project, marking the first products shipped as part of CFS' strategy to serve applications beyond its own power plants.

2024ARC site selected in Virginia

Announces ARC commercial fusion plant will be built at James River Industrial Center in Chesterfield County, Virginia, on land leased from Dominion Energy.

202120-tesla HTS magnet demonstrated

Successfully tests the most powerful high-temperature superconducting magnet ever built, a critical milestone for SPARC's compact tokamak design.

2021$1.8B Series B

Raises $1.8B in the largest private fusion funding round to date. Begins construction on SPARC at Devens, Massachusetts.

2019Series A funding

Closes $115M Series A from Eni, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, and Khosla Ventures to advance HTS magnet development.

2018Founded as MIT spinout

CFS spins out of MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center with $50M in initial funding from Eni.

Funding

Cumulative disclosed raise · dated rounds

$2B$4B2019202120232025$3.9B raised
RoundDateAmountInvestorsSource
Seed2018$50MEni
Series A2019$115MEni, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, Khosla Ventures
Series A22020$84MTemasek, Equinor, Devonshire Investors
Series B2021$1.8BTemasek, Google, Bill Gates, Eni, Tiger Global
Series B22025$863MNvidia, Google, Morgan Stanley, Temasek, Coatue, DFJ Growth
Additional equity financing2026$1BInstitutional investors including pension funds, sovereign wealth funds, and infrastructure/industrial partners

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