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Joby Aviation

Public (NYSE: JOBY)Founded 2009🇺🇸Santa Cruz, California
CEO

JoeBen Bevirt

Data verified as of Aug 25, 2026

Summary

Joby Aviation is a California-based transportation company developing a piloted, all-electric air taxi for commercial passenger service. The company completed FAA Stage 4 certification in late March 2026 and is now in Stage 5 (Type Inspection Authorization), the final gate before U.S. commercial type certification, which analysts expect in late 2026 - Q2 2026 was its strongest quarter of certification progress yet, with five conforming aircraft flying and 12 more in production. On July 7, 2026 the UAE's GCAA certified its flagship Dubai vertiport (VDX at DXB) as the world's first certified commercial eVTOL vertiport, clearing the network for a public launch directed before year-end, and in early August 2026 Joby established a U.S. hub at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport ahead of planned eIPP demonstration flights there in September 2026. The company reported Q2 2026 revenue of $38.6M (beating estimates), ended the quarter with $2.3B in cash and short-term investments, and raised full-year 2026 revenue guidance to $115M-$125M. On August 11, 2026 Joby agreed to acquire Ohio-based defense firm Resonant Sciences for about $500M to build a dedicated defense business, and launched a $750M at-the-market equity program to help fund its growth. Joby expects to carry its first paying passengers in the UAE and through the White House-backed eIPP program in the U.S. in 2026.

Company OverviewRead the long-form profile of Joby Aviation

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Main Products

Joby S4

Joby S4

In Certification

Five-seat (1 pilot + 4 passengers) all-electric VTOL aircraft with six tilting propellers. Designed for urban air mobility with a top speed of 200 mph, a range of up to 100 miles, and a low acoustic footprint suitable for dense cities. It takes off and lands vertically, then transitions to efficient wing-borne cruise flight.

FAA Stage 4 completed March 2026. Now in Stage 5 (TIA) - the final certification gate, with Q2 2026 the strongest quarter of certification progress yet. Five conforming aircraft are flying and 12 more are in production, with at least two more expected off the line in H2 2026. FAA type certificate expected late 2026.

Passengers4 + 1 pilot
RangeUp to 100 miles
Top Speed200 mph
Propellers6 tilting electric

What's Next

Complete FAA Stage 5 (TIA) and receive U.S. type certificate

Joby is in Stage 5 - the final FAA certification gate - with Q2 2026 marking its strongest quarter of certification progress yet. Five conforming aircraft are now flying and 12 more are in production, with at least two more expected off the line in the second half of 2026, validating range, speed, and energy management under operational conditions ahead of FAA-pilot 'for credit' TIA inspection flights at Joby's Marina, California facility. Analysts expect the U.S. type certificate by late 2026, which would be the first ever granted to a commercial eVTOL in U.S. history. As of August 23, 2026, that 'for-credit' testing had still not concluded, with Joby holding a narrow lead over rival Archer Aviation in the certification race.

Late 2026

Begin first passenger operations in UAE and U.S. eIPP markets

Joby's Dubai vertiport network cleared a decisive hurdle on July 7, 2026 when the GCAA certified the flagship VDX vertiport at DXB - the world's first certified commercial eVTOL vertiport - with public service across the four-node network (VDX/DXB, American University of Dubai, Palm Jumeirah, Dubai Mall) directed to launch before the end of 2026, subject to Joby completing final GCAA operational certification. In the U.S., Joby established a hub at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport in early August 2026 - its first Texas presence - and on its Q2 2026 earnings call (Aug 5, 2026) said it expects to begin eIPP demonstration flights across the Dallas-Fort Worth area in September 2026, still targeting first paying passengers under the White House-backed program before year-end; eIPP applications also cover Arizona, Florida, Idaho, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Utah, with the JFK-Manhattan corridor a leading candidate for early U.S. service. As of late August 2026, Joby was still planning a roughly one-week window of piloted eIPP demonstration flights across Dallas-Fort Worth in September; no passenger operations have yet begun in either market.

September 2026 (Texas eIPP flights)

Scale manufacturing at Ohio and California facilities

Bring Joby's expanded Dayton, Ohio footprint online - including the second, 700,000+ sq ft Ohio facility it agreed to acquire in January 2026 - and ramp propeller blade and component manufacturing across both California and Ohio sites, now backed by the Joby-Toyota manufacturing joint venture formed June 29, 2026. The composites team is producing roughly 2.5x more parts than a year earlier, and Q2 2026 output reached five conforming aircraft flying with 12 more in production, supporting a plan to roughly double U.S. capacity to four aircraft per month by 2027.

2027

Sign Toyota exclusive manufacturing supply agreement and close second $250M tranche

Joby and Toyota's Delaware manufacturing joint venture, formed June 29, 2026, still needs an exclusive manufacturing supply agreement granting the JV exclusive rights to build the S4 - the companies have only agreed to negotiate one so far. Joby has said it expects to secure Toyota's next $250M investment tranche before the end of 2026, contingent on finalizing that supply agreement and hitting related regulatory milestones.

Q4 2026

Close the $500M acquisition of Resonant Sciences

Joby's agreement to acquire Ohio-based defense firm Resonant Sciences is subject to regulatory review and customary closing conditions. Closing would give the combined company about 1 million square feet of manufacturing, integration and testing space around Dayton, Ohio, and formally stand up Resonant as Joby's dedicated defense business alongside its air-taxi program.

H1 2027

Operations & Revenue

StatusCommercial launch preparation - Stage 5 TIA underway

Joby completed FAA Stage 4 in late March 2026 and is now in Stage 5 (TIA), the final certification gate before a U.S. commercial certificate; Q2 2026 marked the company's strongest quarterly certification progress yet. The conforming-aircraft fleet stands at five aircraft flying and 12 more in production, with at least two more expected off the production line in the second half of 2026. In Dubai, the GCAA certified the flagship VDX vertiport next to DXB on July 7, 2026 - the world's first certified commercial eVTOL vertiport - anchoring the four-node network (also American University of Dubai, Palm Jumeirah, Dubai Mall) that Joby's S4 will fly, with public service directed to launch before the end of 2026. In the U.S., Joby established a hub at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport in early August 2026 and expects to begin eIPP demonstration flights across the Dallas-Fort Worth area in September 2026, still targeting first paying U.S. passengers under the White House-backed program before year-end; eIPP applications also cover Arizona, Florida, Idaho, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Utah. Company ended Q2 2026 (June 30) with $2.3B in cash and short-term investments after using $202M of cash in the quarter ($365M for H1 2026 excluding a prior Ohio facility investment); second-half 2026 cash use is guided to $385M-$415M.

Revenue Streams

Passenger Air Mobility Services

Current passenger revenue comes from Blade's helicopter and charter network, which Joby acquired in 2025 (heliports served over 90,000 Blade passengers in 2025). Blade drove $36.2M of Joby's $38.6M Q2 2026 revenue, its best second quarter on record, with seats sold up more than 50% year over year - aircraft availability, not passenger demand, is now the binding constraint on many routes. Joby plans to use that operating base and customer demand to transition key corridors over time to its own all-electric aircraft.

Aircraft Sales and Partner Services

Joby intends to both operate its own air taxi network and sell aircraft to other operators and partners, using airline partnerships to seed early markets and fold air-taxi booking into partner apps. Its July 2026 deal naming Virgin Atlantic as exclusive UK airline partner is the template: Joby keeps aircraft operations, route management, and regulatory approvals, while the airline partner handles infrastructure integration and customer acquisition.

U.S. Department of Defense Contracts

Agility Prime work and newer hybrid-aircraft programs support defense, logistics, autonomy, and mission-demonstration use cases with U.S. government customers and partners such as L3Harris, leveraging the Xwing 'Superpilot' autonomy platform. The Joby/L3Harris turbine-electric autonomous VTOL demonstrator, announced August 2025, completed its first flight on November 7, 2025, and is slated for government-exercise demonstrations in 2026. Joby agreed on August 10-11, 2026 to acquire radio-frequency and mission-systems maker Resonant Sciences for about $500 million to scale this business into a dedicated defense unit, pending a close expected in the first half of 2027.

Key Metrics

Employees

~2,560 (Dec 2025)

Est. Annual Revenue

Q2 2026: $38.6M revenue (beat ~$31M estimate, Blade contributed $36.2M); Q1 2026: $24.2M; 2026 guidance raised to $115M-$125M (from $105M-$115M); 2025 actual: $53.4M

Flight-Test Miles

50,000+

Certification Progress

FAA Stage 5 (TIA) underway - Q2 2026 marked the strongest quarterly certification progress yet. Fleet stands at five conforming aircraft flying and 12 more in production, with at least two more expected off the line in H2 2026. Joby established a hub at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport in early August 2026 and expects to begin eIPP demonstration flights in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in September 2026, still targeting first U.S. paying passengers before year-end. Dubai vertiport (VDX) GCAA-certified July 2026. As of August 23, 2026, analysts still described Joby as narrowly ahead of rival Archer Aviation in the FAA certification race, with FAA 'for-credit' TIA testing not yet complete.

Top Speed

200 mph (322 km/h)

Market Cap

~$7.45B (August 21, 2026; ~$7.56/share)

Timeline

2026First FAA-conforming aircraft flies and U.S. launch prep accelerates

Begins flight testing its first FAA-conforming aircraft built for Type Inspection Authorization, paving the way for FAA 'for credit' flight testing later in the year. Joby also wins participation in the White House-backed eIPP program, opening a path for early U.S. operations in 10 states.

2026FAA Stage 4 certification completed; Stage 5 (TIA) underway

Joby completes FAA Stage 4 type certification in late March 2026 - the critical airworthiness conformity review covering propulsion system reliability and fly-by-wire redundancy. The company enters Stage 5 (Type Inspection Authorization) as the final gate before a U.S. commercial certificate. Parts for nine FAA-conforming aircraft are in production, with five designated for TIA flight testing.

2026First eVTOL point-to-point flight from JFK to Manhattan

On April 27, 2026, Joby completes the first-ever eVTOL point-to-point air taxi demonstration in New York City - departing from JFK Airport and landing at three Manhattan heliports (Downtown Skyport, West 30th Street, East 34th Street). The 50-mile ground trip completed in approximately seven minutes, mapping future commercial routes Delta Air Lines and Uber envision for the city.

2026Trade-secret case against Archer advances; Archer's counterclaims dismissed

In mid-June 2026 a U.S. federal court let the core of Joby's trade-secret suit against rival Archer Aviation and a former employee proceed - centered on a confidential real-estate developer agreement - while dismissing Archer's counterclaims (which alleged Joby concealed Chinese-supplier ties) as impermissible 'shotgun pleadings,' both with leave to amend. The ruling, in a case Joby filed in November 2025, marks an early procedural win for Joby in an escalating legal battle between the two leading U.S. eVTOL developers. On July 8, 2026, Archer asked the court to dismiss what remained of Joby's suit, arguing Joby had not narrowed its claims as instructed; separately, Archer is pursuing its own patent-infringement case against Joby at the U.S. International Trade Commission.

2026Joby and Toyota form JV to manufacture the S4

On June 29, 2026, Joby subsidiary Joby Aero and Toyota Motor Corporation incorporated a Delaware joint venture to manufacture the S4 eVTOL, with Toyota holding 51% and Joby 49% and a five-member board split three-to-two in Toyota's favor. The companies intend to sign an exclusive manufacturing supply agreement granting the JV exclusive rights to build the S4, tied to regulatory milestones and a future $250 million Toyota investment tranche, deepening a partnership under which Toyota has already committed roughly $894 million.

2026Dubai certifies world's first commercial air-taxi vertiport for Joby's network

On July 7, 2026 the UAE's General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA) certified VDX - a purpose-built four-storey vertiport next to Dubai International Airport (DXB) developed by Skyports Infrastructure - as the world's first certified commercial vertiport for eVTOL operations. The ~3,100 sq m flagship hub has two take-off/landing pads, rapid charging, and passenger facilities designed to handle up to 170,000 passengers and 42,000 aircraft movements a year. It anchors the four-node Dubai network that Joby's S4 air taxi will fly, with public service directed to launch before the end of 2026.

2026Virgin Atlantic named exclusive UK airline partner

On July 22, 2026 at the Farnborough International Airshow, Joby and Virgin Atlantic signed a definitive agreement converting their 2025 partnership into a binding, multi-year commercial framework that names Virgin Atlantic as Joby's exclusive UK airline partner for air taxi service. Joby retains responsibility for aircraft operations, route management and UK Civil Aviation Authority approvals, while Virgin Atlantic supports infrastructure integration and customer acquisition and folds air-taxi booking into its website and app. Initial hubs are planned in London and Manchester, with early routes including an eight-minute Heathrow-to-central-London hop and a roughly 15-minute Manchester Airport-to-Leeds link. The tie-up deepens Joby's ties to the Delta-Virgin group, as Delta owns 49% of Virgin Atlantic and is Joby's U.S. airline partner.

2026Partners with Atoms to build U.S. vertiport network

On August 4, 2026 Joby and Atoms - the vertiport-development venture led by former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick - signed a definitive agreement to acquire and develop a network of vertiport sites across the U.S., anchored by Joby's open-source Global Electric Aviation Charging System (GEACS). Work starts in Florida, New York and Texas, the states where Joby is preparing early eIPP operations, plus California, with the sites designed as multimodal hubs linking air taxis, autonomous ground vehicles and ridesharing.

2026Q2 2026 results beat estimates; guidance raised

Joby reports Q2 2026 revenue of $38.6M on August 5, 2026, well ahead of the ~$31M analyst estimate, with Blade's passenger business contributing $36.2M on its best second quarter on record (seats sold up more than 50% year over year). The company raises full-year 2026 revenue guidance to $115-125M from $105-115M and says it expects to begin eIPP demonstration flights in Texas in September 2026, still targeting first paying passengers before year-end.

2026Establishes Texas hub at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport

In early August 2026 Joby signs a lease at Perot Field Fort Worth Alliance Airport, its first Texas presence, to serve as the base for eIPP demonstration flights across the Dallas-Fort Worth area planned to begin in September 2026. The move follows Joby, Archer Aviation, Beta Technologies, and Wisk Aero all being selected for the federal eVTOL Integration Pilot Program, under which regional flights are planned to connect Dallas, Austin, and San Antonio before expanding to Houston.

2026Agrees to acquire defense firm Resonant Sciences for $500M

On August 10-11, 2026, Joby signs a definitive agreement to acquire Ohio-based Resonant Sciences, a designer of radio-frequency and mission systems for U.S. national security customers with $100 million in trailing 12-month revenue, for about $500 million (roughly $450 million cash, $50 million in Joby stock). Upon closing, expected in the first half of 2027, Resonant becomes Joby's dedicated defense business, combining with Joby's hybrid-aircraft and autonomy technologies and adding about 1 million square feet of manufacturing, integration and testing space across the Dayton, Ohio region.

2025Acquires Blade passenger business

Completes the acquisition of Blade's passenger business, adding established passenger terminals and operating experience in markets such as New York and Southern Europe to accelerate Joby's commercial launch once its aircraft is certified.

2025Partners with L3Harris on defense VTOL; demonstrator takes first flight

Joby and L3Harris Technologies announce a collaboration (August 1, 2025) to pursue defense applications for an optionally-piloted, autonomous hybrid VTOL aircraft combining Joby's airframe and autonomy work with L3Harris's mission systems for ISR and contested-logistics missions. On November 7, 2025, the turbine-electric demonstrator aircraft completes its first flight at Joby's Marina, California facility, ahead of planned government-exercise demonstrations in 2026.

2024First FAA-conforming aircraft and Dubai expansion

Produces the first FAA-conforming production aircraft. Announces plans for air taxi operations in Dubai with partners. Completes over 1,500 test flights totaling 33,000+ miles. Begins manufacturing scale-up at Marina, California facility.

2022FAA certification milestones

Receives FAA Part 135 Air Carrier Certificate, allowing it to operate commercial air taxi services. Continues making progress on the type certification process with the FAA, completing key testing milestones.

2021Goes public via SPAC at $6.6B valuation

Goes public on NYSE through a merger with Reinvent Technology Partners, raising ~$1.6B at a $6.6B valuation. Toyota invests an additional $394M, bringing its total investment to nearly $900M.

2020Acquires Uber Elevate

Acquires Uber Elevate, Uber's aerial ride-sharing division, gaining multimodal integration technology, air taxi demand modeling, and a partnership to integrate Joby flights into the Uber app.

2017Full-scale prototype flight

Completes first flight of a full-scale eVTOL prototype, validating the core tilt-prop design with six electric motors that rotate from vertical (for takeoff) to horizontal (for cruise flight).

2009Founded by JoeBen Bevirt

JoeBen Bevirt founds Joby Aviation in Santa Cruz, California, to develop electric vertical take-off and landing aircraft. Early years focus on fundamental eVTOL technology research and prototyping.

Funding

Cumulative disclosed raise · dated rounds

$2B$4B$6B201620182020202220242026$4.9B raised
RoundDateAmountInvestorsSource
Early Rounds (Series A–C)2016–2020$720M+Toyota, Intel Capital, JetBlue Technology Ventures, Capricorn Investment Group
SPAC IPO (Reinvent Technology Partners)August 2021~$1.6BPublic offering (NYSE: JOBY), Toyota ($394M additional)
Follow-on Investments2022–2024$500M+SK Telecom, Baillie Gifford, Delta Air Lines ($60M)
Equity, Convertible Debt, and Delta WarrantsQ1 2026 (January–March)~$1.3B net proceedsPublic equity offering, convertible senior notes, and Delta Air Lines warrant exercises
At-The-Market (ATM) Equity ProgramAugust 11, 2026Up to $750M (undrawn shelf capacity; shares sold over time, not a lump-sum raise)Equity Distribution Agreement with Morgan Stanley & Co., J.P. Morgan Securities, Allen & Company, and BofA Securities as sales agents

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eVTOL +2

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Archer Aviation logo

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eVTOL +2

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eVTOL +2

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Vertical Aerospace logo

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eVTOL +1

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Boeing

Civilian Aircrafts +1

Boeing is one of the world's largest aerospace companies, spanning commercial airplanes, defense and space systems, and aftermarket services. The 2026 turnaround gathered pace through the first half of the year: 314 commercial deliveries in H1 2026 (its best first half since 2018), a Q2 net loss of $428M on $24.6B of revenue that nonetheless produced the company's first positive free cash flow quarter (+$631M) in over a year, and a record total backlog of $715B including more than 6,200 commercial aircraft. The 737 MAX line reached rate 47 per month in May 2026 and gained a fourth final-assembly line - the Everett 'North Line' - in July, with rate 52 targeted for early 2027. At the Farnborough Airshow (July 20-24, 2026) Boeing booked 170+ aircraft led by SMBC's 100-jet 737 MAX order, while the long-delayed 777X neared its certification finish line even as Emirates declined to accept the first 10-11 early-build 777-9s over their age and GE Aerospace temporarily paused GE9X engine shipments pending a durability fix. The FAA certified the 737 MAX 7 on August 3, 2026, clearing the smallest MAX variant after nearly a decade of review, and on August 10 Boeing agreed to sell its Wisk Aero, Insitu, and SkyGrid subsidiaries to Archer Aviation for a near-20% equity stake. July's delivery pace cooled to 53 aircraft (down 17% from June and now trailing Airbus by 51 aircraft year-to-date, 367 vs 418), and on August 21 Boeing's roughly 17,000 SPEEA-represented engineers and technicians rejected the tentative contract their own bargaining councils declined to endorse (64.3% and 71.9% against, respectively) and authorized a strike if no new deal is reached before the current contracts expire October 6. Boeing shares fell about 7.5% on the news, cutting market cap to roughly $170B (from ~$183B in mid-August). On August 26 the FAA finalized an airworthiness directive requiring inspections of certain 787 Dreamliners over shim gaps at lower side-of-body splice plates. Boeing remains one of the two central global commercial-jet manufacturers alongside Airbus, with its trajectory now hinging on sustaining the 737 ramp without reintroducing defects, closing out 737 MAX 10 certification, avoiding an engineers' strike, and steering the 777X's remaining ETOPS testing toward 2027 certification.