Sector Brief

Orbital Economy

Companies building the layer above launch: orbital transfer vehicles, satellite servicing and refueling, debris removal, lunar delivery, in-space manufacturing, and orbital data centers.

State of the Industry

Updated 2026-10-20

21 Companies

Astroscale logo

Astroscale

Public

Astroscale is the only company in the world building a business purely around servicing what is already in orbit: removing debris, deorbiting dead satellites, extending the life of working ones, refueling them, and inspecting them.

2013 · 🇯🇵 Tokyo, Japan

Impulse Space logo

Impulse Space

Private

Impulse Space builds the vehicles that move payloads once a rocket has done its job, a business the company calls in-space mobility.

2021 · 🇺🇸 Redondo Beach, California

Inversion Space logo

Inversion Space

Private

Inversion Space, founded in 2021 by Boston University students Justin Fiaschetti and Austin Briggs and backed by Y Combinator, builds reentry vehicles that park cargo in orbit and bring it down on demand, inverting the usual direction of space logistics: instead of launching goods when they are needed, the goods wait overhead and come back within an hour of the request.

2021 · 🇺🇸 Los Angeles, California

Reflect Orbital logo

Reflect Orbital

Private

Reflect Orbital, founded in October 2021 by former SpaceX engineer Ben Nowack and former Zipline mechanical engineer Tristan Semmelhack, is building satellites that unfurl thin-film mirrors in low Earth orbit and steer reflected sunlight onto specific spots on the ground after dark.

2021 · 🇺🇸 Hawthorne, California

Starcloud logo

Starcloud

Private

Starcloud is building data centers in orbit, and it is the only company that has actually run a data-center-class GPU in space rather than rendering one.

2024 · 🇺🇸 Redmond, Washington

Varda Space Industries logo

Varda Space Industries

Private

Varda manufactures materials in orbit and returns them by capsule from El Segundo.

2021 · 🇺🇸 El Segundo, California

Also in this industry
Anduril Industries logo

Anduril Industries

Private

Anduril Industries is an American defense technology company founded in 2017 by Oculus creator Palmer Luckey with Palantir veterans Brian Schimpf (CEO), Trae Stephens, Matt Grimm, and Joe Chen.

2017 · 🇺🇸 Costa Mesa, California

Axiom Space logo

Axiom Space

Private

Axiom Space, founded in Houston in 2016 by former NASA ISS program manager Michael Suffredini and entrepreneur Kam Ghaffarian, is the leading commercial human-spaceflight company, built around three lines of business: private astronaut missions to the ISS, the Axiom Station commercial space station, and next-generation spacesuits.

2016 · 🇺🇸 Houston, Texas

Blue Origin logo

Blue Origin

Private

Blue Origin is a privately held aerospace company founded by Jeff Bezos that develops reusable launch vehicles, rocket engines, lunar landers, in-space mobility systems, and satellite communications infrastructure.

2000 · 🇺🇸 Kent, Washington

CAS Space logo

CAS Space

Private

CAS Space (Zhongke Aerospace) is a 2018 commercial spinoff majority-owned by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by founder and chairman Yang Yiqiang, former chief commander of the state Long March 11 solid rocket.

2018 · 🇨🇳 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

CASC logo

CASC

State-Owned (SASAC)

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) is the state-owned prime contractor for China's space program and the world's most prolific launch organization by missions flown.

1999 · 🇨🇳 Beijing, China

Firefly Aerospace logo

Firefly Aerospace

Public (NASDAQ: FLY)

Firefly Aerospace is a public space and defense company that launches the Alpha small-lift rocket, is co-developing the Eclipse medium-lift vehicle with Northrop Grumman, flies Blue Ghost lunar landers, and builds Elytra orbital vehicles for maneuvering, communications, imaging, and other cislunar services.

2014 · 🇺🇸 Leander, Texas

iSpace (Interstellar Glory) logo

iSpace (Interstellar Glory)

Private

iSpace (Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology), founded in 2016 by former state rocket designer Peng Xiaobo, made history in July 2019 when its solid-fuel Hyperbola-1 became the first Chinese privately developed rocket to reach orbit.

2016 · 🇨🇳 Beijing, China

K2 Space logo

K2 Space

Private

K2 Space builds deliberately large satellites at a moment when the rest of the industry is shrinking them, on the argument that power, not mass, is what limits what a spacecraft can do.

2022 · 🇺🇸 Torrance, California

Relativity Space logo

Relativity Space

Private

Relativity Space, led by CEO Eric Schmidt, is building Terran R and a 2028 Mars science orbiter.

2015 · 🇺🇸 Long Beach, California

Rocket Lab logo

Rocket Lab

Public (NASDAQ: RKLB)

Rocket Lab is an end-to-end space company spanning launch, hypersonic test launch, spacecraft, payloads, satellite components, laser optical communications, and space robotics, with total headcount reaching 3,217 by the end of Q2 2026 after the Mynaric and Motiv acquisitions.

2006 · 🇺🇸 Long Beach, California

Sierra Space logo

Sierra Space

Private

Sierra Space is a Louisville, Colorado aerospace company spun out of Sierra Nevada Corporation in 2021.

2021 · 🇺🇸 Louisville, Colorado

SpaceX logo

SpaceX

Public (NASDAQ: SPCX)

SpaceX designs reusable rockets and spacecraft. The launches table lists Starship Flight 14 on Sept. 28, 2026 from Starbase as expended.

2002 · 🇺🇸 Starbase, Texas

The Exploration Company logo

The Exploration Company

Private

The Exploration Company (TEC) is a Franco-German space-transport startup founded in July 2021 by Helene Huby and Airbus/ArianeGroup veterans who had worked on ATV and the Orion European Service Module.

2021 · 🇩🇪 Munich area (Gauting), Germany

Vast logo

Vast

Private

Vast was founded in 2021 by Jed McCaleb around a long-term thesis of artificial-gravity space stations that let humans live in orbit without the health toll of weightlessness, and a near-term race to fly the world's first commercial space station.

2021 · 🇺🇸 Long Beach, California

Voyager Technologies logo

Voyager Technologies

Public

Voyager Technologies is a Denver-based defense-technology and space-infrastructure company best known for leading Starlab, the international joint venture building a commercial successor to the International Space Station.

2019 · 🇺🇸 Denver, Colorado

/ Upcoming Milestones

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Execute SDA satellite programs after passing TRKT3 SRR

Build and deliver the 18-spacecraft Tracking Layer Tranche 3 constellation for the Space Development Agency under Rocket Lab's $1.3B SDA prime work. The May 27, 2026 System Requirements Review remains the last publicly confirmed milestone; as of September 13, 2026 no Preliminary or Critical Design Review has been announced, with those the next gates ahead of spacecraft delivery. Mynaric CONDOR Mk3 laser links are produced in-house.

2026-2027

Sustain Electron cadence toward the 100th launch

With 96 Electron missions flown through the September 19, 2026 'Owl By The Dozen' dedicated Synspective StriX-12 launch (Rocket Lab's 17th launch of 2026), sustain Electron's record 2026 tempo across commercial, civil, and defense customers toward the company's 100th launch milestone. Remaining constellation bookings include iQPS (9 dedicated missions remaining on its total 18-launch Electron bookings, running through 2030) and Synspective (further missions booked to complete that constellation by decade's end). A HawkEye 360 Electron mission is listed no earlier than September 30, 2026.

2026

Convert backlog into higher launch cadence

Turn a record $2.36B of backlog (as of Q2 2026) into higher Electron and HASTE flight tempo across constellation, agency, national-security, and hypersonic missions; Rocket Lab guided to another record revenue quarter in Q3 2026 and reported more than $1B in additional new contracts signed since the quarter closed. The new GHOST containerized launch system, unveiled August 10, 2026 with its first site at Kodiak, Alaska, is aimed directly at expanding cadence for responsive and national-security missions.

2026-2028

Build & launch the first GEO satellites for U.S. Space Force

Design, build, integrate, and operate two geostationary satellites hosting the Heimdall space domain awareness payload under a $90M Space Systems Command contract - Rocket Lab's first GEO satellite production program. No public schedule update (PDR/CDR/delivery date) has been announced since the May 21, 2026 award as of September 13, 2026.

2026-2028

Blue Ring first operational mission

Launch the first full Blue Ring mission, expected to become the first fully commercial GEO space-domain-awareness mission, carrying Optimum Technologies' Caracal sensor with Scout Space's Owl payload and internal payloads. Blue Origin has integrated the flight vehicle's primary structure, internal harnessing, and core propulsion module, but launch timing remains gated by New Glenn's return to flight after the LC-36 explosion; reverified September 12, 2026, no firmer date has been reported, though NASA's Sept 1 award of a Blue Ring-based Mars Telecommunications Orbiter (delivery by Dec 31, 2028) adds a second Blue Ring-derived flight in the same window.

2026-2027

Scale SciTec Golden Dome SBI work

Execute SciTec's Space-Based Interceptor OTA under U.S. Space Force Space Systems Command, building software, sensing, and AI for the Golden Dome space-based missile defense layer, with capability integrated into the architecture targeted by 2028. SciTec's other Space Force work (CBC2 data fusion and the $93.7M GBARD radar-digitization OTA) remains in execution; Firefly has posted no new Golden Dome contract update since the May 4, 2026 SBI announcement.

2026-2028

/ Latest News

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