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LandSpace

Private (Shanghai STAR Market IPO filed)Founded 2015🇨🇳Beijing, China
CEO

Zhang Changwu

Data verified as of Sep 1, 2026

Summary

LandSpace (Beijing LandSpace Technology) is China's leading commercial rocket company. In July 2023 its methane-liquid oxygen Zhuque-2 became the first methalox rocket in the world to reach orbit, and the company now flies the upgraded Zhuque-2E for commercial constellation missions (its eighth Zhuque-2-family success came on June 9, 2026). Its flagship is the reusable, stainless-steel Zhuque-3, a Falcon 9-class vehicle whose December 2025 maiden flight reached orbit but failed to recover its booster; on its second orbital flight on August 18, 2026, Zhuque-3 delivered the demo Honghu-03 satellite to orbit and completed China's first-ever landing of a private orbital-class rocket booster, though residual propellant ignited shortly after touchdown and the resulting fire damaged the landing-gear area and collapsed the stainless-steel stage. LandSpace says it still aims to refurbish and reuse a recovered first stage within months, targeting a first reflight around Q4 2026. LandSpace is also racing to become China's first publicly listed commercial-space company: it refiled an updated STAR Market prospectus on June 29, 2026, returning the Shanghai review to 'inquiry' status, and for the first time projected reaching profitability by 2029 (premised on Zhuque-3 mass production and routine reuse). That refiling disclosed LandSpace's first full-year 2025 results - revenue of 52.10 million yuan (~$7.2M, up about 11x year over year) against a widening net loss of 1.71 billion yuan (~$240M, up about 95% YoY) - and the company still seeks to raise about 7.5 billion yuan (~$1.1B). Its STAR Market share-issuance terms imply a post-listing valuation near 75 billion yuan (~$10.4B), a striking markup from the roughly 20.7 billion yuan (~$2.9B) private valuation set in an April 2025 capital increase, when Country Garden's investment arm also sold its entire stake and exited the company.

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Main Products

Zhuque-2 / Zhuque-2E

Two-stage methane-liquid oxygen medium-lift rocket; the first methalox launch vehicle in the world to reach orbit. The stretched Zhuque-2E variant adds payload performance for commercial missions.

Operational from the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Pilot Zone. The upgraded Zhuque-2E (Y5) flew successfully on May 14, 2026 with lengthened tanks, subcooled propellant loading and a three-ignition second stage; the Zhuque-2E Y6 followed just 27 days later on June 9, 2026 - the eighth successful Zhuque-2-family mission - lofting the SpaceSail/Qianfan DTC01 and China Mobile 02 satellites and debuting a pneumatic push-rod stage-separation system derived from Zhuque-3 plus a 3D-printed integrated second-stage engine frame.

Payload to LEO6,000 kg (200 km)
Payload to SSO4,000 kg (500 km)
PropellantLiquid methane / LOX
First Stage Engines4 x TQ-12 (methalox)
MilestoneFirst methalox rocket to orbit (Jul 12, 2023)
Latest FlightZhuque-2E Y6 success (Jun 9, 2026; 8th Zhuque-2-family mission)
Zhuque-3

Zhuque-3

In Development

Two-stage, stainless-steel, methane-liquid oxygen rocket with a reusable first stage; LandSpace's Falcon 9-class vehicle aimed at low-cost, high-cadence launch. An enhanced Zhuque-3E variant is in development.

Maiden flight on December 3, 2025 placed its payload in orbit, but abnormal combustion during descent prevented booster recovery. After a nine-engine first-stage static fire on June 29, 2026, the second flight and first booster-recovery attempt slipped repeatedly toward an August 10-11, 2026 target (landing at the Minqin County pad ~390 km downrange) but was postponed at the last moment, reportedly linked to the unrelated CASC Long March 7A explosion at Wenchang the evening before; launch trackers now estimate no earlier than August 31, 2026, with no new window officially confirmed as of mid-August. LandSpace also expects to fly AVIC's Haolong cargo spaceplane to Tiangong on a Zhuque-3 sometime in 2026, without a confirmed date.

Payload to LEO (expended)11,800 kg
Payload to LEO (recovered)8,000 kg
Height66 m (216 ft)
Diameter4.5 m (15 ft)
Engines9 x TQ-12A (stage 1), 1 x TQ-15A (stage 2)
ReusabilityFirst stage designed for up to 20 reuses
First FlightDec 3, 2025 (orbit reached; recovery failed)
Zhuque-3E Payload to LEO21,300 kg expendable / 18,300 kg downrange recovery / 12,500 kg return-to-launch-site (enhanced variant, in development, not yet flown)

What's Next

Scale to engineering-grade Zhuque-3 booster reuse

Move from having verified booster-recovery technology on Zhuque-3's second flight (a successful August 18, 2026 landing, though a post-touchdown propellant fire damaged the landing-gear area and the recovered stage toppled several hours after landing) to engineering-scale reuse verification - refurbishing and reflying a recovered first stage - as LandSpace works toward routine reusability needed to hit its 2029 profitability target. The company says it aims to refly a recovered booster within about six months of the landing, pointing to around February 2027 rather than the fourth-quarter-2026 target floated immediately after touchdown; given the fire and toppling damage, officials have acknowledged full-stage reflight may require lengthy repair, and that reflying undamaged components (engines, grid fins) to prove multi-use capability is a fallback path if the stage itself cannot be repaired in time. No specific reflight date has been confirmed.

~February 2027

First Haolong cargo-spaceplane resupply mission to Tiangong

Launch AVIC/Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute's reusable Haolong cargo spaceplane to the Tiangong space station on a Zhuque-3, one of two low-cost-cargo concepts China Manned Space Engineering Office selected in October 2024 (the other pairs CAS Space with a Microsat spacecraft). LandSpace has said it expects to begin Tiangong cargo missions in 2026, but no specific launch date has been officially announced.

2026 (no confirmed date)

Complete STAR Market IPO

Convert the Shanghai STAR Market filing into a completed public listing, raising roughly 7.5 billion yuan. LandSpace refiled an updated prospectus on June 29, 2026, returning the review to 'inquiry' status, projecting profitability by 2029 for the first time, and disclosing full-year 2025 results (52.10 million yuan revenue, a 1.71 billion yuan net loss, and an accumulated deficit near 4.84 billion yuan). The share-issuance terms imply a listing valuation near 75 billion yuan (~$10.4B), well above the 20.7 billion yuan (~$2.9B) private valuation set in an April 2025 capital increase. It is expected to list under the STAR Market's new segment for not-yet-profitable frontier-technology firms, in a race with CAS Space to become China's first publicly listed commercial-space company, with proceeds funding Zhuque-3 production and reusability work.

2026-2027

Scale Zhuque-2E commercial cadence

Sustain the Zhuque-2E launch tempo - after Y5 (May 14) and Y6 (June 9, 2026) flew just 27 days apart, an eighth straight Zhuque-2-family success - to serve Chinese satellite-internet constellation deployment while bringing down per-kilogram launch cost. The cadence has since stalled: no further Zhuque-2E mission has flown as of September 1, 2026, nearly three months after Y6, with LandSpace's near-term launch attention focused instead on recovering from the August 18 Zhuque-3 booster landing and fire.

2026-2027

Track Record

1 of 3 announced dates hit · 2 slipped

Zhuque-3 second orbital flight and first booster recovery

Target NET 2026-08-31 · Resolved Aug 18, 2026

Zhuque-3 flew its second orbital mission on August 18, 2026 from the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Test Zone at Jiuquan, delivered the demo Honghu-03 satellite to orbit, and landed its first stage on legs, China's first successful recovery of a private orbital-class rocket booster and the country's first booster landing on land - well ahead of the NET August 31 estimate set after the August 10 postponement. Shortly after touchdown, residual propellant ignited a fire that burned the landing-gear area and caused the stainless-steel stage to collapse. LandSpace still counts the flight as a success for the recovery technology and says it moves it from recovery-technology verification toward engineering-scale reuse, targeting a first reflight around Q4 2026.

Hit

Zhuque-3 second orbital flight and first booster recovery

Target August 10-11, 2026 · Resolved Aug 10, 2026

The firm August 10-11, 2026 launch window from Jiuquan was postponed at the last moment. Chinese media reported the postponement followed the unrelated failure of a CASC Long March 7A carrying the ChinaSat 4B satellite, which broke up roughly 85 seconds after liftoff from Wenchang on the evening of August 10; LandSpace itself gave no official cause. Launch trackers subsequently listed a no-earlier-than August 31, 2026 date, but LandSpace flew and landed the booster on August 18, well ahead of that estimate - see the 'hit' entry below.

Slipped

Zhuque-3 second orbital flight and first booster recovery

Target Q2 2026 · Resolved Jul 22, 2026

LandSpace's second Zhuque-3 flight and first land-recovery attempt slipped past its original Q2 2026 target and a subsequent 'after mid-July' window without launching; following a June 29 nine-engine static fire, launch trackers now list a no-earlier-than late-August 2026 date (NET August 31). The flight remains upcoming - see the current nextSteps entry.

Slipped

Operations & Revenue

StatusOperational

Operational commercial launch provider with an accelerating cadence - the methalox Zhuque-2E flew Y5 (May 14) and Y6 (June 9, 2026) just 27 days apart, an eighth straight Zhuque-2-family success, with no further Zhuque-2E missions reported as of mid-August 2026. The reusable Zhuque-3 completed its orbital maiden flight in December 2025 (payload to orbit, booster recovery unsuccessful); after slipping repeatedly, including a last-moment postponement of a firm August 10-11 window, Zhuque-3's second orbital flight launched on August 18, 2026, delivered the demo Honghu-03 satellite to orbit, and landed its first stage - China's first-ever recovery of a private orbital-class rocket booster - though a post-touchdown propellant fire damaged the landing-gear area and collapsed the recovered stage. LandSpace says it still aims to refurbish and refly a recovered stage within months, targeting roughly Q4 2026, as it moves from recovery-technology verification toward engineering-scale reuse. LandSpace is also lined up to fly AVIC's Haolong cargo spaceplane to Tiangong on Zhuque-3, targeted for sometime in 2026 without a confirmed date. On the capital-markets side, LandSpace refiled an updated STAR Market prospectus on June 29, 2026 - returning the Shanghai review to 'inquiry' status and, for the first time, projecting profitability by 2029 - as it races to become China's first publicly listed commercial-space firm with a ~7.5B-yuan (~$1.1B) raise; no further movement in the IPO review had been reported as of mid-August 2026.

Revenue Streams

Zhuque-2E Launch Services

Commercial methalox launches for Chinese satellite operators and mega-constellation deployment from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

Zhuque-3 Reusable Launch Services

Planned medium-to-heavy reusable launch services targeting low-cost, high-cadence deployment for China's satellite-internet constellations once recovery and reuse are proven. Zhuque-3 is already on China SatNet's core-supplier list for the Guowang constellation and holds a roughly 300 million yuan (~$44.2M) Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite contract to launch 18 Qianfan constellation satellites in a single mission.

Key Metrics

Est. Annual Revenue

Pre-profit. The refiled STAR Market prospectus (June 29, 2026) disclosed LandSpace's first full-year 2025 results: revenue of 52.10 million yuan (~$7.2M), up roughly 11x year over year on Zhuque-2E commercial launch cadence, against a net loss of 1.71 billion yuan (~$240M, up about 95% YoY) as R&D spending rose to 922 million yuan. Accumulated deficit stood at about 4.84 billion yuan (~$677M) as of mid-2025. Three-year cumulative losses (2023-2025) reached about 3.8 billion yuan (~$560M), and the debt-to-asset ratio climbed to 54.99% in 2025 despite more than 7 billion yuan raised to date - a sign of how capital-intensive scaling reusable launch has been ahead of profitability. LandSpace projects profitability by 2029, contingent on Zhuque-3 mass production and routine first-stage reuse.

Valuation

~$2.9B (20.7B yuan private, April 2025 capital increase); STAR Market share-issuance terms imply a post-listing valuation near $10.4B-$11.1B (75B yuan, depending on exchange rate used)

World First

First methalox rocket to reach orbit (Zhuque-2, 2023)

Zhuque-3 Payload to LEO

11,800 kg expendable / 8,000 kg reusable

Reusability Target

Up to 20 first-stage reuses

IPO Status

STAR Market review at 'inquiry' stage; updated prospectus refiled June 29, 2026; seeking ~7.5B yuan (~$1.1B); profitability projected by 2029; no further movement reported as of Sept 1, 2026

Zhuque-3 Launch Price

~150 million yuan (~$21M) per launch, per the STAR Market IPO prospectus disclosure

Timeline

2026Zhuque-2E proves stretched configuration

On May 14, 2026, an upgraded Zhuque-2E (Y5) with lengthened tanks, subcooled propellant loading and a three-ignition second stage places a 2,800 kg constellation-deployment test payload into a 900 km polar orbit.

2026Zhuque-2E Y6 completes eighth Zhuque-2 mission

On June 9, 2026, the Zhuque-2E Y6 lifts off from the Dongfeng Aerospace Innovation Pilot Zone and successfully delivers the SpaceSail DTC 01 and China Mobile 02 satellites to their designated orbits - the eighth successful mission for the Zhuque-2 rocket family and further evidence of commercial launch cadence as LandSpace advances its STAR Market IPO and develops the reusable Zhuque-3.

2026Nine-engine Zhuque-3 static fire ahead of second flight

On June 29, 2026, LandSpace completed a full-duration static fire of a reusable Zhuque-3 (Y2) first stage at the Dongfeng commercial pad at Jiuquan. The stage's nine Tianque-12A methalox engines ignited in sequence and burned for about 45 seconds with gimbal-control testing, producing roughly 7,542 kN of thrust; the company said rocket and launch-site systems performed normally and that it would proceed toward the next Zhuque-3 flight - the follow-up to the December 2025 debut that reached orbit but did not recover its booster.

2026Refiles STAR Market prospectus, projects profitability by 2029

On June 29, 2026 LandSpace submitted an updated prospectus to the Shanghai Stock Exchange, returning its STAR Market IPO review to 'inquiry' status. For the first time the filing set a profitability target - 2029 - contingent on Zhuque-3 reaching mass production, routine first-stage reuse and a sharp increase in launch cadence. The refiled prospectus also disclosed LandSpace's first full-year 2025 results: revenue of 52.10 million yuan (~$7.2M, up about 11x year over year) against a net loss of 1.71 billion yuan (~$240M, up about 95% YoY), R&D spending of 922 million yuan, and an accumulated deficit near 4.84 billion yuan, as LandSpace and rival CAS Space race to become China's first publicly listed commercial-space company (seeking ~7.5B yuan and ~4.18B yuan respectively).

2026IPO valuation gap surfaces; Country Garden's exit confirmed

Follow-up analysis of the refiled prospectus highlighted a large valuation gap: LandSpace's April 2025 capital increase, bringing in two new investors (Zhongying Fuya and Junyuxingtu), valued the company at about 20.7 billion yuan (~$2.9B), while the STAR Market share-issuance terms (issuing at least 10% of post-IPO shares to raise ~7.5B yuan) imply a listing valuation near 75 billion yuan (~$10.4B). The same reporting confirmed that Country Garden's investment arm sold its entire roughly 11% stake for 1.305 billion yuan in that April 2025 round and no longer holds any LandSpace equity.

2026220-ton 'Lanyan' engine completes long-duration test, eyeing a future heavy-lift rocket

LandSpace's self-developed Lanyan (BF-20), a 220-ton-class methane-liquid oxygen engine using a full-flow staged-combustion cycle (the same architecture as SpaceX's Raptor), completes a long-duration, full-system hot-fire campaign in March 2026, passing 100 cumulative ignitions since its first full-system test in mid-2025. The engine is intended to power a future LandSpace heavy-lift, reusable launch vehicle beyond Zhuque-3; no vehicle name or timeline has been announced.

2026Zhuque-3 lands its booster on second orbital flight

On August 18, 2026, Zhuque-3 lifts off from the Dongfeng Commercial Space Innovation Test Zone at Jiuquan, delivers the demo Honghu-03 satellite (built by LandSpace's satellite subsidiary Hongqing Technology) to orbit, and lands its first stage using landing legs after descent, China's first-ever recovery of a private orbital-class rocket booster and the country's first successful booster landing on land. The mission arrives well ahead of the NET August 31 estimate that followed an August 10 postponement. Shortly after touchdown, residual propellant ignited a fire that burned the landing-gear area and caused the stainless-steel stage to collapse; LandSpace, which had made landing-burn and thermal-protection changes after the December 2025 debut, says it still moves from recovery-technology verification toward engineering-scale reuse and aims to refurbish and refly a recovered stage within months.

2025Signs Zhuque-3 launch contracts for China's megaconstellations

LandSpace's Zhuque-3 is selected for China SatNet's core-supplier list for the state-backed Guowang constellation and wins Shanghai Yuanxin Satellite's 2025 Launch Vehicle Launch Service Procurement Project, covering a single-launch deployment of 18 Qianfan (Thousand Sails) satellites. The Yuanxin contracts and supplementary agreements, signed in November and December 2025, total about 300 million yuan (~$44.2M) - the first time a launch vehicle outside state-owned CASC's Long March family has been contracted for either megaconstellation.

2025Zhuque-3 reusable maiden flight

On December 3, 2025, the reusable stainless-steel Zhuque-3 reaches orbit on its debut, but an abnormal combustion event during descent prevents the first-stage booster from landing.

2025STAR Market IPO filing accepted

The Shanghai Stock Exchange accepts LandSpace's STAR Market IPO application, which seeks to raise about 7.5 billion yuan (~$1.07B); the company was valued near 20 billion yuan (~$2.7B) in mid-2025.

2024Upgraded Zhuque-2E enters service

The stretched, higher-performance Zhuque-2E variant flies successfully for the first time in November 2024, beginning routine commercial missions.

2023World's first methalox rocket to orbit

Zhuque-2 reaches orbit on July 12, 2023, becoming the first methane-liquid oxygen launch vehicle in the world to do so. A December 2023 flight deploys its first satellites.

2018China's first private orbital attempt

Zhuque-1, a three-stage solid rocket, becomes the first orbital launch attempt by a Chinese private company but fails at third-stage separation.

2015Founded

Zhang Changwu founds LandSpace in Beijing, one of the first private launch firms licensed in China.

Funding

Cumulative disclosed raise · dated rounds

$2B$4B$3.8B raised
RoundDateAmountInvestorsSource
Venture funding2015-2024Multiple roundsHongShan (Sequoia China), China SME Development Fund, Country Garden, and others
Pre-IPO valuation2025~20B yuan (~$2.7B)Per Hurun Global Unicorn Index 2025
STAR Market IPO (under review)2025-2026Seeking ~7.5B yuan (~$1.1B)Shanghai Stock Exchange (STAR Market); updated prospectus refiled June 29, 2026, review at 'inquiry' stage
Strategic investment (capital increase)2025-04~150M yuan (~$21M) combined from two new investorsZhongying Fuya (~100M yuan) and Junyuxingtu (~50M yuan), implying a ~20.7B yuan (~$2.9B) valuation; Country Garden's investment arm concurrently sold its entire ~11% stake (1.305B yuan, ~$182M) and no longer holds any LandSpace equity

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Deep Blue Aerospace

Rockets

Deep Blue Aerospace (深蓝航天) is a Chinese commercial launch startup built around vertically landing, reusable kerosene–liquid oxygen rockets - positioning itself as one of China's closest analogs to early SpaceX. Founded in 2016 and headquartered in Nantong, it has flown a series of VTVL hop tests, most notably a September 2024 high-altitude flight that completed 10 of 11 objectives with ~0.5 m landing accuracy before an anomaly during the final engine shutdown damaged the stage on touchdown. The company is now preparing the maiden flight of its medium-lift Nebula-1, which can loft up to 2,000 kg to LEO on nine Thunder-R engines and is designed for first-stage recovery; the first Nebula-1A vehicle was rolled out in March 2026 to a new sea-recovery pad on Lianli Island at Haiyang - which reached full launch-capable status after an integrated test mission on March 30–31, 2026 - for a debut orbital flight that will attempt a first-stage splashdown recovery. The originally targeted mid-2026 debut has slipped, with launch trackers now listing the flight no earlier than December 2026. Deep Blue is also developing the much larger Nebula-2 (25,000+ kg to LEO) and has begun pre-selling suborbital space-tourism tickets for flights targeted in 2027.